Powder Metallurgy of Superalloys (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Powder Metallurgy of Superalloys 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Dedication 6
Preface 8
Foreword 12
Foreword 14
Part 1: Introduction 16
Chapter 1. Introduction 18
1.1. Structure and chemistry of superalloys 18
1.2. Historical development of superalloys 22
1.3. Historical development of powder metallurgical techniques in superalloys 24
Part II: Pre-alloyed dispersion-free powders 32
Chapter 2. Powder production and characterization 34
2.1. Pre-alloyed powders with 'normal' solidification rates 34
2.2. Physical metallurgy of pre-alloyed powders 50
2.3. Alloy development considerations for pre-alloyed powders 55
2.4. Defect control and defect removal in pre-alloyed powders 57
2.5. Pre-alloyed powders with 'rapid' solidification rates (RSR powders) 64
Chapter 3. Powder consolidation methods 74
3.1. Cold compaction and sintering (conventional powder metallurgy) 74
3.2. Hot consolidation techniques 83
3.3. Theories of hot consolidation of powders 95
3.4. Forging of fully dense preforms 104
3.5. Direct melt-solid conversion techniques 112
3.6. Dynamic compaction 122
Chapter 4. Thermomechanical processing principles 127
4.1. Microstructural parameters in superalloys 127
Chapter 5. Mechanical properties of dispersoid-free P/M superalloys 147
5.1. Effect of powder microstructure on microstructure and mechanical properties of consolidated material 147
5.2. Effects of minor alloying elements on mechanical properties 149
5.3. Effects of microstructure on static mechanical properties 156
5.4. High-temperature low-cycle fatigue (HTLCF) 180
5.5. High-temperature fatigue crack growth and creep crack growth 197
Chapter 6. Quality control and non-destructive evaluation of P/M superalloys 217
6.1. Introduction 217
6.2. NDE and quality control of new components 218
6.3. Evaluation of remaining life 221
Part III: Oxide-dispersion-strengthened superalloys 226
Chapter 7. Oxide-dispersion-strengthened superalloys 228
7.1. Introduction 228
7.2. Strengthening mechanisms 229
7.3. Powder production 247
7.4. Powder consolidation 252
7.5. Thermomechanical processing 256
7.6. Mechanical properties 273
7.7. Oxidation and hot corrosion 295
7.8. Development trends for ODS superalloys 301
Part IV: Joining 308
Chapter 8. Joining techniques for P/M superalloys 310
8.1. Liquid-phase bonding 310
8.2. Solid-state bonding 321
8.3. Transient liquid-phase 330
8.4. Applications 332
Chapter 9. Practical applications and economic aspects of P/M superalloys 343
Appendix 1: Nominal composition of superalloys 353
Appendix 2: Registered trademarks and associated companies 357
Appendix 3: Abbreciations used in the text 358
Index 360