Modern Energy Economy in Beet Sugar Factories -  K. Urbaniec

Modern Energy Economy in Beet Sugar Factories (eBook)

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2013 | 1. Auflage
401 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9068-3 (ISBN)
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This book is devoted to the problems of identifying the potential for, designing and implementing, energy-saving measures in beet sugar factories. As the sugar industries in various countries differ considerably with respect to the economic conditions for factory operation and the level of technological development, the problem range is very broad. It may include the elimination of faulty or unreliable auxiliary equipment, or the introduction of simple improvements in vapour distribution schemes, in factories operated in countries where the need for efficient energy utilization has not really been very urgent until now. On the other hand, there are sugar factories in some other countries where considerable achievements have been made in energy saving but where further progress may still be possible if more advanced engineering problems are solved.
The author takes an interdisciplinary approach to its subject aimed at demonstrating how the energy demand of a sugar factory can be affected by the interactions between a number of factors, namely: layout and parameters of the energy conversion and distribution processes; layout and parameters of the sugar manufacturing process and by-processes; characteristics of the equipment and control systems; completeness and accuracy of the energy monitoring systems. The book consists essentially of three parts. In Chapters 1 to 3, some theoretical background is given and engineering principles for creating efficient energy conversion and utilization subsystems in sugar factories are reviewed. The second part - Chapters 4 to 7 - discusses recent developments in these areas and their importance to energy conversion and utilization in sugar factories. The presentation is illustrated with suitable practically-oriented examples based mostly on the author's experience gained from nine years working with an engineering company specializing in the design, erection and modernization of sugar factories, as well as five years of consulting and research for the sugar industry. Short examples are presented in Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 7, while in the third part of the book (Chapters 8 and 9) summaries are given of real-life design analyses of energy subsystems of sugar factories, characterized by different levels of sophistication of the energy economy.
The book thus provides a systematic review which will be helpful to managers and technologists in sugar factories where the problem may arise of choosing the most appropriate set of measures that best fit the factory's unique needs. It can also be used in university-level courses on the energy economy of sugar factories, and will be of interest to design engineers and specialists engaged in research in the area.

This book is devoted to the problems of identifying the potential for, designing and implementing, energy-saving measures in beet sugar factories. As the sugar industries in various countries differ considerably with respect to the economic conditions for factory operation and the level of technological development, the problem range is very broad. It may include the elimination of faulty or unreliable auxiliary equipment, or the introduction of simple improvements in vapour distribution schemes, in factories operated in countries where the need for efficient energy utilization has not really been very urgent until now. On the other hand, there are sugar factories in some other countries where considerable achievements have been made in energy saving but where further progress may still be possible if more advanced engineering problems are solved.The author takes an interdisciplinary approach to its subject aimed at demonstrating how the energy demand of a sugar factory can be affected by the interactions between a number of factors, namely: layout and parameters of the energy conversion and distribution processes; layout and parameters of the sugar manufacturing process and by-processes; characteristics of the equipment and control systems; completeness and accuracy of the energy monitoring systems. The book consists essentially of three parts. In Chapters 1 to 3, some theoretical background is given and engineering principles for creating efficient energy conversion and utilization subsystems in sugar factories are reviewed. The second part - Chapters 4 to 7 - discusses recent developments in these areas and their importance to energy conversion and utilization in sugar factories. The presentation is illustrated with suitable practically-oriented examples based mostly on the author's experience gained from nine years working with an engineering company specializing in the design, erection and modernization of sugar factories, as well as five years of consulting and research for the sugar industry. Short examples are presented in Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 7, while in the third part of the book (Chapters 8 and 9) summaries are given of real-life design analyses of energy subsystems of sugar factories, characterized by different levels of sophistication of the energy economy.The book thus provides a systematic review which will be helpful to managers and technologists in sugar factories where the problem may arise of choosing the most appropriate set of measures that best fit the factory's unique needs. It can also be used in university-level courses on the energy economy of sugar factories, and will be of interest to design engineers and specialists engaged in research in the area.

Front Cover 1
Modern Energy Economy in Beet Sugar Factories 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 14
Foreword 6
Preface 8
List of symbols 13
Chapter 1. The energy system and its role in a sugar factory 20
1.1 Subsystems of a sugar factory 20
1.2 The thermal system and its components 25
1.3 Heat demand 41
1.4 Power demand 56
1.5 Interaction between power generation and heat economy 62
References 72
Chapter 2. Energy balances 76
2.1 Principles of establishing energy balances 76
2.2 Input data for energy balance calculations 79
2.3 External energy balance of a sugar factory 84
2.4 Mass and heat balances of heat receivers 87
2.5 Mass and heat balances of a multiple-effect evaporator 95
2.6 Mass and heat balances of a thermal system 103
2.7 Exergy balances 106
2.8 Analysis of transient energy processes using computer simulation 109
References 111
Chapter 3. Selected problems of heat economy 113
3.1 Analysis and evaluation of the heat economy 113
3.2 Fundamentals of correct operation of a thermal system 125
3.3 Fundamentals of correct utilization of condensates and vapours 137
3.4 Vapour compression 153
References 169
Chapter 4. Energy savings by process modifications 172
4.1 Introduction 172
4.2 Juice purification 173
4.3 Sugar crystallization 179
4.4 Unconventional energy-saving processes in sugar manufacture 188
4.5 Pulp dehydration 193
References 203
Chapter 5. Equipment design for efficient energy utilization 206
5.1 Scope of the problems 206
5.2 Extractors 206
5.3 Evaporators 209
5.4 Heat exchangers 217
5.5 Vacuum pans 220
5.6 Centrifugals 225
References 229
Chapter 6. Automatic control for efficient energy utilization 232
6.1 Scope of the problems 232
6.2 Computer-based control systems 233
6.3 Flow control using variable speed drives 235
6.4 Extraction control 238
6.5 Evaporation control 240
6.6 Sugar crystallization control 244
6.7 Pulp drying control 248
References 250
Chapter 7. Monitoring of the heat consumption 252
7.1 Introductory remarks 252
7.2 Quality of water and steam 256
7.3 Fuel analysis 265
7.4 Boilers 270
7.5 Turbo-generators 277
7.6 Process heating equipment 282
7.7 Auxiliary equipment 294
7.8 Pulp dryer 300
7.9 Computer-aided monitoring 305
References 307
Chapter 8. Step-by-step improvements of existing energy systems 309
8.1 The step-by-step approach 309
8.2 Factory characterized by poor initial energy utilization 314
8.3 Factory characterized by good initial energy utilization 327
8.4 Factory featuring an advanced energy system 341
References 348
Chapter 9. Design of modernized or new energy systems 350
9.1 The modernization of energy systems 350
9.2 Factory characterized by poor initial energy utilization 353
9.3 Factory characterized by good initial energy utilization 367
9.4 Optimization of energy systems 380
References 385
Appendix 1: Numerical approximations of thermodynamic properties of water and steam 387
Appendix 2: Numerical approximations of thermodynamic properties of sugar solutions 389
Appendix 3: Calculations of heat transfer phenomena 391
Appendix 4: Units of measurement 394
Index 396

Erscheint lt. Verlag 22.10.2013
Sprache englisch
Themenwelt Naturwissenschaften Chemie
Technik Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
Technik Lebensmitteltechnologie
Wirtschaft
ISBN-10 1-4832-9068-9 / 1483290689
ISBN-13 978-1-4832-9068-3 / 9781483290683
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