Deregulation and Efficiency of Indian Banks (eBook)

Dr. Sunil Kumar is currently serving as an Associate Professor of Economics at the Faculty of Economics, South Asian University (SAU), New Delhi. He is also associated with Punjab School of Economics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. He has more than 20 years of teaching experience in subjects related to Quantitative Methods, Macroeconomics, and Econometrics. His research interests include data envelopment analysis, stochastic frontier analysis, banking efficiency and industrial productivity. He has published more than three dozen research papers in journals of national and international repute including Economic Change and Restructuring, Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, the American Journal of Accounting and Finance, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, International Review of Economics, Benchmarking, Global Business Review, etc. He also wrote a research book entitled, “Productivity and Factor Substitution: Theory and Analysis”. His professional memberships include the Indian Society of Regional Science and Indian Economic Association. Dr. Rachita Gulati is an Assistant Professor in Economics at Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Uttarakhand. Before joining IIT Roorkee, she was a core faculty of Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Kashipur, Uttarakhand. Her teaching interests include Applied Econometrics, Managerial Economics, and Quantitative Methods for Economists and her research interests include Efficiency and Productivity Analysis using Frontier Approaches and the Indian Banking Sector. Her research work focuses on financial economics in India and bears important policy implications for further reforms in the Indian banking sector. She has published research papers in journals of national and international repute. In 2008, she received the Best Paper Award from the Global Academy of Business and Economics Research (GABER), USA.

  List of tablesList of figuresList of abbreviationsPreface  1          Introduction1.1  Background 1.2  Motivation, objectives and significant research questions1.3  Contribution of the book1.4  Structure of the book 2          Banking System in India: Developments, Structural Changes and Institutional Framework2.1 Introduction2.2 Developments in Indian banking sector       2.2.1 Initial formative phase: Prior to independence       2.2.2 Foundation phase: From 1947 to early 1960s       2.2.3 Expansion phase: From mid 1960s to late1980s       2.2.4 Reforms phase: early 1990s onwards2.3  Structural changes and transformations in India banking sector       2.3.1 Increased availability of lendable resources        2.3.2 Movements towards market-driven interest rate system        2.3.3 Heightened competition       2.3.4 More exposure to off-balance sheet (OBS) activities       2.3.5 Improvement in asset quality        2.3.6 Penetration of information technology        2.3.7 Consolidation through mergers2.4 Current structure of Indian banking sector2.5 Conclusions 3          Measurement of Bank Efficiency: Analytical Methods3.1 Introduction3.2 Data envelopment analysis (DEA)       3.2.1 Non-allocation DEA models             3.2.1.1 The CCR model                   3.2.1.1.1 CCR-I                   3.2.1.1.2 CCR-O             3.2.1.2 The BCC model                    3.2.1.2.1 BCC-I                    3.2.1.2.2 BCC-O             3.2.1.3 Additive model             3.2.1.4 Multiplicative model             3.2.1.5 Non-radial slack-based measures (SBM) model       3.2.2 Extensions of basic non-allocation DEA models             3.2.2.1 Super-efficiency models             3.2.2.2 Cross-efficiency models             3.2.2.3 Non-discretionary input and output variables models             3.2.2.4 Assurance region models       3.2.3 Allocation DEA models             3.2.3.1 Cost efficiency DEA models              3.2.3.2 Revenue efficiency DEA models             3.2.3.3 Profit efficiency DEA models3.3 Panel data DEA models       3.3.1 Window analysis       3.3.2 Malmquist productivity index (MPI)             3.3.2.1 A graphical conceptualization3.3.2.1.1 Output-oriented framework                       3.3.2.1.2 Input-oriented framework             3.3.2.2 DEA-based estimation of Malmquist productivity index3.4 Strengths, limitations, basic requirements and outcomes of DEA       3.4.1 Strengths and limitations        3.4.2 Basic requirements        3.4.3 Outcomes3.5 Free disposal hull (FDH) analysis3.6 Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA)       3.6.1 Panel data framework            3.6.1.1 Time-invariant efficiency models                  3.6.1.1.1 Fixed-effects model                  3.6.1.1.2 Random-effects model            3.6.1.2 Time-variant efficiency models       3.6.2 Stochastic distance functions        3.6.3 Marrying DEA with SFA3.7 Other parametric approaches       3.7.1 Distribution free approach (DFA)        3.7.2 Thick frontier analysis (TFA)       3.7.3 Recursive thick frontier analysis (RTFA)  3.8 Comparison of DEA and SFA3.9 Conclusions 4          A Survey of Empirical Literature on Bank Efficiency4.1 Introduction4.2 Deregulation and bank efficiency      4.2.1 International experience       4.2.2 Indian experience4.3 Bank ownership and efficiency      4.3.1 International experience      4.3.2 Indian experience4.4 Cross-country efficiency comparisons4.5 Mergers and acquisitions (M&As), and bank efficiency4.6 Major issues in bank efficiency analyses      4.6.1 Selection of inputs and outputs       4.6.2 Choice of estimation methodology4.7 Conclusions   5          Relevance of Non-traditional Activities on the Efficiency of Indian Banks5.1 Introduction5.2 Non-traditional activities in Indian banking industry5.3 Non-traditional activities and efficiency of banks: some empirical evidences 5.4 Methodological framework      5.4.1 Cost efficiency and its components: concept and measurement approaches      5.4.2 DEA models5.5 Data and measurement of input and output variables 5.6 Empirical results      5.6.1 Non-traditional activities and bank efficiency       5.6.2 Non-traditional activities and ranking of individual banks      5.6.3 Non-traditional activities and efficiency of ownership groups      5.6.4 Non-traditional activities and ranking of ownership groups5.7 Conclusions  6          Financial Deregulation in the Indian Banking Industry: Has it improved cost efficiency?6.1 Introduction6.2 Deregulation and cost efficiency: Relevant literature review6.3 Methodological framework6.4 Data and measurement of input and output variables 6.5 Empirical results     6.5.1 Estimation strategy     6.5.2 Trends in cost (in)efficiency at industry level     6.5.3 Comparison of efficiency across distinct ownership groups     6.5.4 Comparison of efficiency in domestic and foreign banks     6.5.5 Bank size and efficiency6.5.6 Returns-to-scale     6.5.7 Factors explaining inter-bank variations in efficiency measures6.6 Conclusions 7          Sources of Productivity Gains in Indian Banking Industry: Is it Efficiency Improvement or Technological Progress?7.1 Introduction 7.2 Relevant literature review7.2.1 Deregulation and productivity change: International experience7.2.2 Deregulation and productivity change: Indian experience7.3 Methodological framework7.4 Database, input-output variables and empirical setting for TFP measurement7.5 Empirical results      7.5.1 Level of technical efficiency      7.5.2 TFP growth in Indian banking industry 7.5.3 TFP growth across distinct ownership groups      7.5.4 TFP growth in domestic and foreign banks       7.5.5 TFP growth across distinct size classes      7.5.6 Technological innovators      7.5.7 Factors affecting TFP growth7.6 Conclusions 8          Major conclusions, policy implications and some areas for future research8.1 Introduction8.2 Major conclusions8.3 Policy implications8.4 Some areas for future research  ReferencesIndex