Fossil Hydrocarbons -  Norbert Berkowitz

Fossil Hydrocarbons (eBook)

Chemistry and Technology
eBook Download: PDF
1997 | 1. Auflage
351 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053188-5 (ISBN)
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Fossil hydrocarbons form a continuous series whoseheavymembers--heavy oils, bitumens, oil shale kerogens, and coal--are important sources of conventional lighter fuels. These hydrocarbons are much more abundant and easier to extract than natural gas and oil. This book discusses the origins and compositions of fossil hydrocarbons and shows how theheaviescan be chemically transformed into environmentally clean gas, liquid transportation fuels, and an almost unlimited range of petrochemicals.
Dr. Berkowitz explodes the entrenched dichotomy betweenpetroleum hydrocarbonsand coal that has shaped popular perceptions of energy, showing that it is feasible to develop new technologies that capitalize on the availability ofsyntheticnatural gas and light oils.
Fossil Hydrocarbons: Chemistry and Technology is a comprehensive treatment of fossil hydrocarbons, covering the source materials, biosources, metamorphic histories, geochemistry, classification, and molecular structure. It discusses the use of fossil hydrocarbons as a viable energy source in our future, detailing the preparation, processing and conversion technologies, as well as discussing the environmental issues that arise from production, processing, and use of various fossil hydrocarbons.

Key Features
* Approaches various fossil hydrocarbons as chemically related entities, thus dispelling the unwarranted distinctions between crude oils and coal
* Explains how heavy fossil hydrocarbons can be processed by much the same methods as crude oils for good economic and environmental purpose
* Illustrates how bitumens, oil shales, and coals are convertible into synthetic natural gas and oils
* Shows a path for reasonable energy self-sufficiency, through conversion of heavy hydrocarbons into synthetic natural gas and oils
* Augments each chapter with end-of-chapter notes and a detailed bibliography
* Provides more than 200 useful tables, schematics, and figures
Fossil hydrocarbons form a continuous series whose"e;heavy"e;members--heavy oils, bitumens, oil shale kerogens, and coal--are important sources of conventional lighter fuels. These hydrocarbons are much more abundant and easier to extract than natural gas and oil. This book discusses the origins and compositions of fossil hydrocarbons and shows how the"e;heavies"e;can be chemically transformed into environmentally clean gas, liquid transportation fuels, and an almost unlimited range of petrochemicals.Dr. Berkowitz explodes the entrenched dichotomy between"e;petroleum hydrocarbons"e;and coal that has shaped popular perceptions of energy, showing that it is feasible to develop new technologies that capitalize on the availability of"e;synthetic"e;natural gas and light oils.Fossil Hydrocarbons: Chemistry and Technology is a comprehensive treatment of fossil hydrocarbons, covering the source materials, biosources, metamorphic histories, geochemistry, classification, and molecular structure. It discusses the use of fossil hydrocarbons as a viable energy source in our future, detailing the preparation, processing and conversion technologies, as well as discussing the environmental issues that arise from production, processing, and use of various fossil hydrocarbons. Approaches various fossil hydrocarbons as chemically related entities, thus dispelling the unwarranted distinctions between crude oils and coal Explains how heavy fossil hydrocarbons can be processed by much the same methods as crude oils for good economic and environmental purpose Illustrates how bitumens, oil shales, and coals are convertible into synthetic natural gas and oils Shows a path for reasonable energy self-sufficiency, through conversion of heavy hydrocarbons into synthetic natural gas and oils Augments each chapter with end-of-chapter notes and a detailed bibliography Provides more than 200 useful tables, schematics, and figures

Cover 1
Contents 8
Chapter 1. Introduction: The Family of Fossil Hydrocarbons 16
Notes 19
Chapter 2. Origins 22
1 The Chemical Precursors 22
2 The Biosources 28
3 Diagenesis 32
4 Biomarkers 34
5 Catagenesis 36
6 The "Heavy" Hydrocarbons 46
7 Abiotic Formation of Oil 47
Notes 48
References 50
Chapter 3. Host Rock Geochemistry 52
1 Petroleum Host Rocks 52
2 The Host Rocks of Heavy Hydrocarbons 66
Notes 73
References 75
Chapter 4. Classification 78
1 Crude Oils 78
2 Heavy Hydrocarbons 85
Notes 94
References 96
Chapter 5. Composition and Chemical Properties 98
1 Chemical Systematics 98
2 Compositions 103
3 Chemical Properties 126
Notes 130
References 133
Chapter 6. Physical Properties 136
1 Natural Gas 136
2 Crude Oils 138
3 The Heavy Hydrocarbons 152
Notes 164
References 167
Chapter 7. The Molecular Structure of Heavy Hydrocarbons 170
1 Sources of Information 170
2 Molecular Structure in Heavy Hydrocarbons 180
Notes 195
References 198
Chapter 8. Preparation 202
1 Natural Gas 202
2 Refinery Gases 208
3 Crude Oils 209
4 Heavy Hydrocarbons 214
Notes 224
References 226
Chapter 9. Processing 228
1 Chemical Foundations 228
2 Crude Oil Processing 235
3 The Processing of Heavy Hydrocarbons 245
Notes 261
References 264
Chapter 10. Conversion 268
1 Gasification 268
2 Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation 295
3 Underground (u/g) Coal Gasification 305
4 Coal Liquefaction 308
Notes 326
References 330
Chapter 11. Environmental Aspects 334
1 The Foci of Public Concern 334
2 The Challenges to Ecological Integrity 334
3 The Responses: Legislation and New Technology 341
Notes 352
References 356
Index 358

Erscheint lt. Verlag 9.9.1997
Sprache englisch
Themenwelt Sachbuch/Ratgeber
Naturwissenschaften Biologie Ökologie / Naturschutz
Naturwissenschaften Chemie Organische Chemie
Naturwissenschaften Chemie Technische Chemie
Naturwissenschaften Geowissenschaften Geologie
Technik Bergbau
Technik Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
Wirtschaft
ISBN-10 0-08-053188-1 / 0080531881
ISBN-13 978-0-08-053188-5 / 9780080531885
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