Introduction to Emergency Management (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Introduction to Emergency Management 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Foreword 14
Acknowledgments 16
Introduction 18
Chapter 1. The Historical Context of Emergency Management 22
What You'll Learn 22
Introduction 22
Early History: 1800–1950 23
The Cold War and the Rise of Civil Defense: the 1950s 24
Changes to Emergency Management: the 1960s 25
The Call for a National Focus on Emergency Management: the 1970s 26
Civil Defense Reappears as Nuclear Attack Planning: the 1980s 29
An Agency in Trouble: 1989–1992 30
The Witt Revolution: 1993–2001 31
Terrorism: 2001 33
The Steps Leading to the Katrina Debacle 41
Post-Katrina Changes 41
The Future Environment of Emergency Management 44
Important Terms 47
Self-Check Questions 47
Out-of-Class Exercise 48
Chapter 2. Natural and Technological Hazards and Risk Assessment 50
What You Will Learn 50
Introduction 50
Natural Hazards 51
Technological Hazards 72
Chemical 77
Biological 77
Radiological 78
Nuclear 79
Hazards Risk Management 80
Risk Management Technology 83
Social and Economic Risk Factors 83
Conclusion 85
Important Terms 86
Self-Check Questions 87
Out-of-Class Exercises 88
Chapter 3. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Mitigation 90
What You'll Learn 90
Introduction 90
Mitigation Tools 91
Hazard Identification and Mapping 94
Impediments to Mitigation 104
Federal Mitigation Programs 105
The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program 112
Nonfederal Mitigation Grant Programs 114
Conclusion 114
Important Terms 115
Self-Check Questions 115
Out-of-Class Exercises 115
Chapter 4. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Preparedness 118
What You'll Learn 118
Introduction 118
A Systems Approach: The Preparedness Cycle 119
Mitigation versus Preparedness 123
Preparedness: The Emergency Operations Plan 123
Education and Training Programs 128
Emergency Management Exercises 132
Evaluation and Improvement 135
Preparedness: A National Effort 137
Preparedness Grant Programs 139
Business Continuity Planning and Emergency Management 142
Conclusion 144
Important Terms 151
Self-Check Questions 151
Out-of-Class Exercises 151
Chapter 5. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Communications 154
What You'll Learn 154
Introduction 154
The Mission 155
Audiences/Customers 160
Communicating in the Era of Homeland Security 161
Disaster Communications in a Changing Media World 163
Building an Effective Disaster Communications Capability in a Changing Media World 172
Creating Effective Disaster Communications 172
Conclusion 183
Important Terms 184
Self-Check Questions 184
Out-of-Class Exercises 184
Chapter 6. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Response 186
What You'll Learn 186
Introduction 186
Local Response 192
State Response 193
Volunteer Group Response 194
Incident Command System 196
The Federal Response 199
Federal Assistance 206
Key Federal Response Officials 224
Other FEMA Response Resources 227
The Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) 230
Conclusion 231
Important Terms 232
Self-Check Questions 232
Out-of-Class Exercises 233
Chapter 7. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Recovery 234
What You'll Learn 234
Introduction 234
The National Response Framework for Disaster Recovery Operations 241
FEMA's Individual Assistance Recovery Programs 247
FEMA's Public Assistance Grant Programs 253
Other Federal Agency Disaster Recovery Funding 257
Recovery Planning Tools 261
Long-Term Recovery Planning Annex 262
Community Long-Term Recovery Planning 264
Conclusion 266
Important Terms 270
Self-Check Questions 271
Out-of-Class Exercises 271
Chapter 8. International Disaster Management 272
What You'll Learn 272
Introduction 272
Disasters in Developing Nations 273
International Disasters 273
Important Issues Influencing the Response Process 274
The United Nations System 277
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 282
Nongovernmental Organizations 291
Assistance Provided by the U.S. Government 296
Conclusion 316
Important Terms 316
Self-Check Questions 316
Out-of-Class Exercises 317
Chapter 9. Emergency Management and the Terrorist Threat 318
What You'll Learn 318
Introduction 318
Changes in Emergency Management and the War on Terrorism 319
September 11, 2001 322
Federal Government Terrorism Activity 328
The 911 Commission 344
State Government Terrorism Activity 348
Local Government Terrorism Activity 350
The Effect of Hurricane Katrina on Terrorism Preparedness and Response 352
Conclusion 359
Important Terms 360
Self-Check Questions 360
Out-of-Class Exercises 361
Chapter 10. The Future of Emergency Management 362
Understanding the Past 362
The Obama Administration 365
"Those Who Forget the Past Are Doomed to Repeat It" 365
Emergency Management Ideas for the Future 368
Conclusion 374
Appendix A: Acronyms 376
Appendix B: Emergency Management Websites 382
Appendix C: Ready.gov Citizen Preparedness Recommendations 386
Appendix D: A Day in the Life of Homeland Security 394
Glossary 398
A 398
B 398
C 398
D 398
E 399
F 399
H 399
I 400
J 400
L 400
M 400
N 400
P 401
R 401
S 401
T 401
U 401
V 401
W 401
Z 401
References 402
Index 408
A 408
B 408
C 409
D 410
E 411
F 412
G 413
H 414
I 415
J 416
K 416
L 416
M 416
N 417
O 419
P 419
Q 420
R 420
S 421
T 422
U 422
V 423
W 423
Y 423
Z 423