Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models: Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 7
Acknowledgements 15
Preface 19
Introduction and process sedimentology 21
Introduction 21
Process sedimentology 29
Synopsis 37
History of deep-water research (1885Ò2005) 39
Introduction 39
History 39
Scientific revolutions 56
A Philosophical retrospective 61
Gravity-driven processes 67
Introduction 67
Mass-transport processes 68
Sediment flows 75
Synopsis 103
Deep-water bottom currents 105
Introduction 105
Bottom currents 106
Thermohaline-induced geostrophic bottom currents 106
Wind-driven bottom currents 114
Deep-marine tidal bottom currents in submarine canyons 131
Synopsis 159
Other processes and the phenomena of tsunamis 161
Introduction 161
Liquidization 161
Clastic injections 162
Mud diapirism 174
Sediment plumes, wind transport, ice rafting, nepheloid layers, and volcanism 176
Pelagic and hemipelagic settling 178
The phenomena of tsunamis 180
Synopsis 195
Depositional environments 197
Introduction 197
Deep-lacustrine environments 197
Submarine slope environments 201
Submarine canyon and gully environments 217
Submarine fan environments 227
Submarine non-fan environments 249
Submarine basin-plain environments 258
Synopsis 259
Process-related problems 261
Introduction 261
Conflicting definitions of turbidity currents 261
Conflicting definitions of turbidites 262
Conflicting definitions of high-density turbidity currents 264
Unknowable flow transformations 276
Conflicting definitions of slurry flows 278
Conflicting origins of flute structures 280
Conflicting definitions of normal grading 281
Problematic origin of traction structures 283
Problematic origin of mud waves 286
Problematic subaerial analogs 287
Problematic origin of sinuous forms 288
Problematic hyperpycnal flows 292
Conflicting origins of massive sands 295
Conflicting definitions of turbidite systems 299
Inadequate seismic resolution 300
Synopsis 300
The turbidite facies model 303
Introduction 303
The turbidite facies model 303
The Annot Sandstone 307
Basal sedimentary features 307
Upper Înormally gradedÌ intervals 317
Origin of inverse to normally graded intervals 330
Inadequacy of the turbidite facies model 330
Problems with other facies models 332
Synopsis 335
Submarine fan models 337
Introduction 337
Modern-fan model 337
Ancient-fan model 337
General-fan model 339
Turbidite facies association 339
The Jackfork Group and the turbidite controversy 342
The impermanence of submarine fan models 358
Synopsis 360
Sequence-stratigraphic fan models 361
Introduction 361
Basin-floor fans and slope fans 361
Seismic geometries 382
Wireline-log motifs 383
Parasequence concept 386
Abandonment of submarine fan models 389
Synopsis 392
Tectonic and eustatic controls 393
Introduction 393
Tectonic control 393
Eustatic control 398
Synopsis 404
Implications for sandstone petroleum reservoirs 405
Introduction 405
Grain-size distribution 405
Spatial distribution of sand 405
Dimensions and geometries 411
Lateral changes in sediment thickness 416
Reservoir heterogeneity 418
Sand injection and reservoir communication 419
Correlation of sandbodies 423
Depositional mud matrix 425
Reservoir quality 427
Depositional models 437
Epilogue 438
References 439
Index 477
About the Author 495