Natural Gas Conversion V (eBook)
978 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053730-6 (ISBN)
The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable.
These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries.
On January 1988, the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of Natural Gas (NG) amounted to over 144,000 billion cubic meters worldwide, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves, which are estimated to be 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters in 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared to 3.5 of oil. Consequently, in the future gas will exceed oil as a carbon atom source. In the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow.The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable.These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries.
Front Cover 1
Natural Gas Conversion V 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 14
Preface 6
Organising and Advisory Committee 11
Financial Support 12
Part 1: Plenary Lectures 26
Chapter 1. PL1 Natural Gas as Raw Material for Clean Fuels and Chemicals in the Next Decades 26
Chapter 2. PL2 Promotion of Steam Reforming Catalysts 30
Chapter 3. PL3 Reductive Activation of Oxygen for partial Oxidation of Light Alkanes 40
Chapter 4. PL4 Developments in Fischer-Tropsch Technology 50
Chapter 5. PL5 Economics of Selected Natural Gas Conversion Processes 60
Part 2: Topic C: Catalytic Combustion integrated Production of Chemicals and Energy from Natural Gas
Chapter 6. Catalytic methane combustion on La-based perovskite type catalysts 70
Chapter 7. The use of methane in molten carbonate fuel cells 78
Chapter 8. LSM-YSZ catalysts as anodes for CH4 conversion in SOFC reactor 84
Chapter 9. Catalytic combustion of methane over transition metal oxides 90
Chapter 10. High temperature combustion of methane over hexaaluminate-supported Pd catalysts 96
Chapter 11. Combustion of methane over palladium catalysts supported on metallic foil 102
Chapter 12. Preparation and study of thermally and mechanically stable ceramic fiber based catalysts for gas combustion 108
Chapter 13. Reactivity and characterization of Pd-containing ceria-zirconia catalysts for methane combustion 112
Chapter 14. Methane catalytic and electrocatalytic combustion over perovskite type oxides deposited on YSZ 118
Part 3: Topic H: Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons 124
Chapter 15. How transient kinetics may unravel methane activation mechanisms 124
Chapter 16. Modified alumina supports for cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalysts 132
Chapter 17. A precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for synthesis gas conversion to liquid fuels 138
Chapter 18. Deposition of iron from iron-carbonyl onto a working Co-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst: the serendipitious discovery of a direct probe for diffusion limitation 144
Chapter 19. In situ characterization of cobalt based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts: a new approach to the active phase 150
Chapter 20. Selective syn-gas conversion over a Fe-Ru pillared bentonite 156
Chapter 21. Attrition determining morphology changes on iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts 162
Chapter 22. Selective synthesis of C2-C4 olefins on Fe-Co based metal/oxide composite materials 168
Chapter 23. A mathematical model of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a slurry reactor 174
Chapter 24. Mechanistic insights in the CO hydrogenation reaction over Ni/SiO2 180
Chapter 25. Reactions of synthesis gas on Colr/SiO2 and CoRu/SiO2 186
Chapter 26. Comparison between Co and Co(Ru-promoted)-ETS-10 catalysts prepared in different ways for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis 192
Chapter 27. Synthesis gas to branched hydrocarbons: a comparison between Ru-based catalysts supported on ETS-10 and on AI2O3 (doped with sulphated zirconia) 198
Chapter 28. a-Olefin readsorption product distribution model for the gas-solid Fischer-Tropsch synthesis 204
Chapter 29. Surface study of pumice nickel catalysts used in the hydrogenation of CO 210
Chapter 30. Initial episodes of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with cobalt catalysts 216
Chapter 31. Scale up of a bubble column slurry reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis 222
Chapter 32. Dispersion and reducibility of Co/SiO2 and Co/TiO2 228
Chapter 33. Characterization of bubble column slurry phase Iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts 234
Chapter 34. Effect of Silica on Iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts 240
Chapter 35. CO2 hydrogenation for the production of light alkenes over K-Fe-Mn/silicalite-2 catalyst 246
Part 4: Topic I: Innovative Approaches for the Catalytic Conversion of Natural Gas and Novel Aspects of Oxidative Coupling 252
Chapter 36. Steady-state production of olefins and aromatics in high yields from methane using an integrated recycle reaction system 252
Chapter 37. Methane transformation into aromatic hydrocarbons by activation with ethane over Zn- ZSM-11 zeolite 260
Chapter 38. Catalytic dehydroaromatization of methane with CO/CO2 towards benzene and naphtalene on bimetallic Mo/zeolite catalysts: bifunctional catalysis and dynamic mechanism 266
Chapter 39. Study of the hydrogenation step in the non-oxidative oligomerization of methane on Pt/SiO2 (EUROPt-1) 272
Chapter 40. Preparation of fluidized catalysts by spray-dry method and their catalytic performance for the oxidative coupling of methane 278
Chapter 41. Mechanism of "chloro-pyrolysis" of methane 284
Chapter 42. Mechanistic study of benzene formation in CH4-CO reaction over Rh/SiO2 290
Chapter 43. Simulation of the non-oxidative methane conversion with a catalytically active carbonaceous overlayer 296
Chapter 44. Direct conversion of methane to methanol with micro wire initiation (MWI) 302
Chapter 45. Active site generation by water for the activation of methane over non-reducible oxide catalysts: a study of MgO system 308
Chapter 46. Oxidative coupling of methane over a Sm/C and Mg/C catalysts using N2O as oxidant 314
Chapter 47. "One-step" methane conversion under non oxidative condition over Pt-Co/NaY catalysts at low temperature 320
Chapter 48. Heteropolyacid-catalyzed partial oxidation of methane in trifluoroacetic acid 326
Chapter 49. Performance of Na2WO4-Mn/SiO2 catalyst for conversion of CH4 with CO2 into C2 hydrocarbons and its mechanism 332
Chapter 50. Oxidative coupling of methane to ethylene in a reaction system with products separation and gas recirculation 338
Chapter 51. The non-oxidative coupling of methane and the aromatization of methane without using oxidants 344
Chapter 52. The effect of compositional changes on methane oxidation processes with structurally invariant catalysts 350
Chapter 53. New stage of oxidative coupling reaction of methane: development of novel catalysts by modification of solid-superacid 356
Chapter 54. Effect of Na addition to PrOx/MgO on the reactivity and selectivity in the oxidative coupling of methane 362
Chapter 55. Study of the catalytic performance, surface properties and active oxygen species of the fluoride-containing rare earth-alkaline earth oxide based catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane 368
Chapter 56. Transition metal catalyzed acetic acid synthesis from methane and carbon monoxide 374
Chapter 57. Study of the reactions of ethylene on supported Mo2C/ZSM-5 catalyst in relation to the aromatization of methane 380
Chapter 58. Experimental investigations on the interaction between plasma and catalysts for plasma catalytic methane conversion (PCMC) over zeolites 386
Chapter 59. Oxidative methylation of acetonitrile to acriylonitrile with CH4 392
Chapter 60. New directions for COS hydrolysis: Low Temperature Alumina Catalysts 398
Chapter 61. Kinetic nature of limited yield of principal products at heterogeneous-homogeneous oxidation of methane 404
Chapter 62. Pb-substituted hydroxyapatite catalysts prepared by coprecipitation method for oxidative coupling of methane 410
Chapter 63. The production of hydrogen through methane conversion over reagent catalysts. An evaluation of the feasibility of catalytic cracking unit utilization for methane conversion 416
Chapter 64. Catalytic partial oxidation of methane at extremely short contact times: Production of Acetylene 422
Part 5: Topic M: Natural Gas Conversion via Membrane based Catalytic Systems 428
Chapter 65. Non-oxidative catalytic conversion of methane with continuous hydrogen removal 428
Chapter 66. Synthesis gas formation by catalytic partial oxidation of methane in a heat-integrated wall reactor 436
Chapter 67. Ceramic membrane reactors for the conversion of natural gas to syngas 442
Chapter 68. Oxydehydrogenation of propane to propylene in catalytic membrane reactor: a model for the interpretation of experimental data 448
Chapter 69. Partial oxidation of ethane in a three-phase electro-Fenton system 454
Chapter 70. Hydrocarbons catalytic combustion in membrane reactors 460
Chapter 71. Syngas formation by partial oxidation of methane in palladium membrane reactor 466
Chapter 72. Partial oxidation of light paraffins on supported superacid catalytic membranes 472
Chapter 73. An experimental study of the partial oxidation of methane in a membrane reactor 478
Chapter 74. Progresses on the partial oxidation of methane to syngas using membrane reactor 484
Part 6: Topic O: Synthesis of Oxygenates from Syngas Partial Oxidation of Methane and Light Paraffins to Oxygenates
Chapter 75. Isobutanol synthesis from syngas 490
Chapter 76. Synthesis of higher alcohols. Enhancement by the addition of methanol or ethanol to the syngas 498
Chapter 77. Role of Cr in Fe based high temperature shift catalysts 504
Chapter 78. Isoalcohol synthesis from CO/H2 feedstocks 510
Chapter 79. Alcohols carbonylation to alkyl formates catalyzed by strongly basic resins 516
Chapter 80. Kinetics of higher alcohol synthesis over low and high temperature catalysts and simulation of a double-bed reactor 522
Chapter 81. Developing highly active iridium catalysts for methanol synthesis 528
Chapter 82. Isobutanol and methanol synthesis on copper supported on alkali-modified MgO and ZnO supports 534
Chapter 83. Direct synthesis of dimetyl ether from synthesis gas 540
Chapter 84. Dimethyl ether conversion to light olefins over SAPO-34: deactivation due to coke deposition 546
Chapter 85. Chain growth reactions of methanol on SAPO-34 and H-ZSM5 552
Chapter 86. The investigation of the processes of organic products synthesis from natural gas via syngas 558
Chapter 87. A review of low temperature methanol synthesis 564
Chapter 88. Characterization and selectivity of Ru/MoO3 catalysts for the formation of oxygenates from CO + H2. Influence of the temperature of reduction 570
Chapter 89. High yields in the catalytic partial oxidation of natural gas to formaldehyde: catalyst development and reactor configuration 576
Chapter 90. Concurrent synthesis of methanol and methyl formate catalysed by copper-based catalysts 582
Part 7: Topic P: Catalytic Conversion of Light Paraffins (C2-C5) 586
Chapter 91. Paraffins as raw materials for the petrochemical industry 586
Chapter 92. Acetonitrile by catalytic ammoxidation of ethane and propane: a new reaction of alkane functionalization 594
Chapter 93. Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons: an experimental and kinetic modeling study 600
Chapter 94. Supercritical-phase oxidation of isobutane to t-butanol by air 606
Chapter 95. Isobutane dehydrogenation and Pt Liii-edge XAFS studies on .-Al2O3 supported Pt- containing catalysts 612
Chapter 96. Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over Na2WO4-Mn/SiO2 catalyst using oxygen and carbon dioxide as oxidants 618
Chapter 97. Cofeeding of methane and ethane over Na2WO4-Mn/SiO2 catalyst to produce ethylene 624
Chapter 98. A new route for C2H4 production by reacting C2Hs with CO2 over catalyst of chromium oxide supported on silicalite-2 type zeolite 630
Chapter 99. Kinetics and mechanism of the selective oxidation and degradation of n-butane over nickel molybdate catalysts 636
Chapter 100. Application of the oscillating microbalance catalytic reactor: kinetics and coke formation over Pt-Sn/Al2O3 in propane dehydrogenation 642
Chapter 101. Conversion of n-butane over Pt-Me/Al2O3 catalysts 648
Chapter 102. Propane oxidative dehydrogenation over low temperature rare earth orthovanadate catalysts prepared by peroxyl method 654
Chapter 103. Propane catalytic oxidation and oxy-dehydrogenation over manganese-based metal oxides 660
Chapter 104. Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over Pt and Pt/Rh gauze catalysts at very short contact times 666
Chapter 105. Support effect on the n-hexane dehydrogenation reaction over platinum-tin catalysts 672
Chapter 106. Iron modified vanadyl phosphate as oxidation catalysts 678
Chapter 107. Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in annular reactor over a Pt/Al203 catalyst 684
Chapter 108. Propane oxidative dehydrogenation on supported V2O5 catalysts. The Role of redox and acid-base properties 690
Chapter 109. Selective oxidative conversion of propane to olefins and oxygenates on boria- containing catalysts 696
Part 8: Topic S: Production of Syngas 702
Chapter 110. New catalysts and catalytic processes to produce hydrogen and syngas from natural gas and other light hydrocarbons 702
Chapter 111. Modeling the partial oxidation of methane to syngas at millisecond contact times 710
Chapter 112. Catalytic behaviour of Ni- and Rh-containing catalysts in the partial oxidation of methane at short residence times 718
Chapter 113. Molecular aspects in short residence time catalytic partial oxidation reactions 724
Chapter 114. Effect of metal additives on deactivation of Ni/a-Al2O3 in the CO2-reforming of methane 730
Chapter 115. The influence of promoters on the coking rate of nickel catalysts in the steam reforming of hydrocarbons 736
Chapter 116. Reforming of methane with carbon dioxide over supported Ni catalysts 742
Chapter 117. Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for syngas obtention via reforming with O2 and/or CO2 748
Chapter 118. Characterization of Ni-honeycomb catalysts for high pressure methane partial oxidation 754
Chapter 119. Transient reactions in CO2 reforming of methane 760
Chapter 120. Dry reforming of methane. Interest of La-Ni-Fe solid solutions compared to LaNiO3 and LaFeO3 766
Chapter 121. Effects of alkali and rare earth metal oxides on the thermal stability and carbon- deposition over nickel based catalyst 772
Chapter 122. Kinetics of methane reforming over Ni/SiO2 catalysts based on a step-wise mechanistic model 778
Chapter 123. Catalysts based on zirconium phosphates for selective methane oxidation to synthesis gas 784
Chapter 124. Mechanistic study of partial oxidation of methane to syngas over a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst 790
Chapter 125. Improved stability of Nickel-Alumina aerogel catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane 796
Chapter 126. Influence of molybdenum and tungsten dopants on nickel catalysts for dry reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to synthesis gas 802
Chapter 127. Sustainable Ni catalysts prepared by SPC method for CO2 reforming of CH4 808
Chapter 128. Metal-support interactions in steam reforming 814
Chapter 129. Kinetic study of the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas over Ni/La2O3 catalyst 820
Chapter 130. Kinetic behaviour of the Ru/TiO2 catalyst in the reaction of partial oxidation of methane 826
Chapter 131. Catalytic partial oxidation of methane in a spouted bed reactor. Design of a pilot plant unit and optimization of operating conditions 832
Chapter 132. Effect of promoters on supported Pt catalysts for CO2 reforming of CH4 838
Chapter 133. A kinetic and in-situ DRIFT spectroscopy study of carbon dioxide reforming over a Pt/ZrO2 catalyst 844
Chapter 134. Kinetic modeling of the partial oxidation of methane to syn-gas at high temperatures 850
Chapter 135. Partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas over titania and yttriia/zirconia catalysts 856
Chapter 136. Morphological changes of Ca promoted Ni/SiO2 catalysts and carbon deposition during CO2 reforming of methane 862
Chapter 137. Methane dry reforming over well-dispersed Ni catalyst prepared from perovskite- type mixed oxides 868
Chapter 138. Rare earth promoted nickel catalysts for the selective oxidation of natural gas to syngas 874
Chapter 139. Reactivity of Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 catalysts for partial oxidation of methane to syngas 880
Chapter 140. Carbon-free CH4-CO2 and CH4-H2O reforming catalysts - Structure and Mechanism 886
Part 9: Topic T: Natural Gas Conversion: Industrial Processes and Economics 892
Chapter 141. Advanced gas-to-liquids processes for syngas and liquid-phase conversion 892
Chapter 142. High pressure autothermal reforming (HP ATR) 900
Chapter 143. Developments in autothermal reforming 908
Chapter 144. Synthesis Gas Production: Comparison of gasification with Steam Reforming for Direct Reduced Iron Production 914
Chapter 145. Research progress and pilot plant tests on STDO process 920
Chapter 146. Short-stage technology of synthetic diesel and jet fuels production from natural gas for small-scale installations of low-pressure 926
Chapter 147. Advanced catalytic converter system for natural gas powered diesel engines 932
Chapter 148. Overview of U.S. DOE's natural gas-to-liquid RD& D program and commercialization strategy
Chapter 149. Paraffins activation through fluidized bed dehydrogenation: the answer to light olefins demand increase 944
Chapter 150. Oxidation of n-butane and n-pentane over V/P/O-based catalysts: comparison between "fresh" and "equilibrated" catalysts 950
Chapter 151. Economic gas to liquids: a new tool for the energy industry 956
Chapter 152. KTI's innovative reformer design for hydrogen and syngas plant 962
Chapter 153. Exxon's advanced gas-to-liquids technology 968
Chapter 154. Generation of synthesis gas off-shore: oxygen supply and opportunities for integration with GTL technologies 974
Chapter 155. Conversion of natural gas to ethylene and propylene: the most-profitable option 980
Chapter 156. Gas-to-liquids processes: current status & future prospects
Author Index 992
Preface
Adolfo Parmaliana; Domenico Sanfilippo; Francesco Frusteri; Angelo Vaccari; Francesco Arena
Many words have been used to give the more appropriate idea of the scientific, economic and technological impact of the Natural Gas Conversion on energy production, chemical and petrochemical industry as well as on the economy of the countries possessing large reserves. NG Conversion has been considered a challenging topic for the modem catalysis, now, at the eve of the third millennium, it is one of the greatest and proven scientific achievement of the last decade which will imply significant change in the current technology related to fuel, gasoline , intermediates and chemicals production. A rapid look at the volumes collecting the papers presented at the NG Conversion Symposia allows to experience the growing interest devoted to the NG Conversion along the years as well the consolidated trend to lessen the attention towards topics which in spite of their potential importance are quite far from the industrial exploitation and to focus all the efforts towards research subjects which deserve a greater technological interest being then economically rewarding.
Along the years the number of papers aimed to present technological issues and economical evaluation of the gas to liquid (GTL) processes is growing, the Fischer-Tropsch chemistry, catalysis and technology is currently revisited, new approaches for syngas production are currently pursued. However, even if such topics constitute the driving forces for attracting more and more interest towards the NG Conversion we must consider that innovative research approaches for the NG Conversion involving the use of membrane reactor and/or electrochemical devices original methods for the direct conversion of natural gas to formaldehyde and methanol as well oxygenates of higher added value obtained trough two-step or cross-coupling reaction systems are presently pursued by many academic and industrial research groups worldwide. On other hand, such a great scientific and technological interest posed in the NG Conversion, apart the reasons above outlined, arises from the fact that on January 1988 the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of NG amounted worldwide to over 144,000 billion cubic meters, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves estimated to 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters of 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil one: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared with 3.5 of oil. As a consequence in the future gas will exceed oil as carbon atom source.
All these aspects indicate that in the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow.
The first need is to transport NG from production sites to the consumption markets. Current technologies for marking available this “remote gas” are basically as CNG via pipelines (on-shore – off-shore) or LNG via ocean shipping in dedicated tankers. The delivered cost is relevant to the distance and over 1,000 – 2,000 kilometers LNG becomes competitive with CNG. The value at which this remote gas is made available in the developed markets represents the break-even price or the economic baseline for any alternative uses.
The presence of light paraffins (C2-C4) in the NG can be a key factor in promoting further exploitation of the NG conversion.
Indeed, light NG paraffins, apart from their use in steam cracking, have had some additional exploitation: maleic anhydride from butane and the selective production of olefins (propylene and isobutylene, butadiene) via dehydrogenation are the most significant examples. On this account, the changing scenario of the chemical commodities producer countries due to the increasing tendency of developing countries to better exploit their internal resources, and not only for captive utilization, have led to the development of technologies aimed at transforming NG components into more valuable or transportable products.
During the last twenty years, a network of new and old technologies aimed at making available wider possibilities of economically attractive transformation of natural gas to higher valued chemicals or liquid fuels has been growing in a more or less co-ordinated effort of technological innovation taking into consideration the presence of C2-C4 hydrocarbons together with methane.
In the last 3-4 years information on the NG conversion has overcome the limit of the scientific or technological literature and has entered the financial news world, meaning that the attention of market operators is addressed to this opportunity.
It is in this context that we present this volume collecting the Proceedings of the Fifth Natural Gas Conversion Symposium which will be held in Giardini Naxos-Taormina the 20-25 September 1998. The Symposium continues the tradition set by four previous meetings held in Auckland (New Zealand, 1987), Oslo (Norway, 1990), Sydney (Australia, 1993) and Kruger National Park (South Africa, 1995).
The scientific programme consists of invited plenary and key-note lectures, oral and poster contributions. The papers cover the following area topics:
Catalytic combustion; Integrated production of Chemicals and Energy from Natural Gas, Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons; Innovative Approaches for the Catalytic Conversion of Natural Gas and Novel Aspects of Oxidative Coupling; Natural Gas Conversion via Membrane based Catalytic Systems; Synthesis of Oxygenates from Syngas, Partial Oxidation of Methane and Light Paraffins to Oxygenates; Catalytic Conversion of light Paraffins; Production of Syngas ( Oxyreforming, Steam Reforming and Dry Reforming); Natural Gas Conversion-Industrial Processes and Economics.
The topics of the Symposium witness the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation, ranging from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible will be the technologies already commercially viable.
The 5th NGCS is therefore a way of showing the increasing role of NG a source of value creation for companies and as a perspective clean raw material for answering to the environmental societal concerns.
The interest raised by the Symposium has been overwhelming as accounted by the large number of papers presented and delegates. The countries participating in the congress and contributing to the Proceedings reported here are:
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Canada
China
Denmark
England
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Malaysia
Mexico
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Slovakia
South Africa
Spain
The Netherlands
U.S.A.
Venezuela
The Organising Committee is grateful to the International Scientific Committee for having given to the Italian Chemical Community the chance and the honour to handle the organisation of such international scientific event as well for the scientific co-operation in the choice of the congress topics and paper selection.
The 5th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium is supported by the Division of the Industrial Chemistry and Catalysis Group of the Italian Chemical Society, the Institute CNR-TAE and the University of Messina.
The Italian Catalysis Community is particularly keen to gather in Italy all the Scientists active in this strategic area. We feel that this event marks also the active role played by the Italian Scientific Community in developing original and viable routes for the NG Conversion.
We are confident and the content of this volume proves this view, that mature and technologically feasible processes for the natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing and we hope that their validity and feasibility are soon documented. This is an exciting area of the modem catalysis which certainly will open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries. With this optimism we address the Symposium to all the participants, to all the scientists active in the area.
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the generous support given by the Sponsors which have greatly contributed the success of the event, the...
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 17.9.1998 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Physikalische Chemie |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie | |
| Technik ► Bauwesen | |
| Technik ► Bergbau | |
| Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik | |
| Wirtschaft | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-08-053730-8 / 0080537308 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-053730-6 / 9780080537306 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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