Pathways to a Hydrogen Future -  Thomas E Drennen,  Jennifer E Rosthal

Pathways to a Hydrogen Future (eBook)

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2007 | 1. Auflage
304 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-055044-2 (ISBN)
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Hydrogen may someday fuel our cars and power and heat our homes and businesses and revolutionize the way we use energy. Moving to a hydrogen economy could help reduce our reliance on foreign oil, improve local air quality, and reduce the risk of climate change. Despite the potential of hydrogen, there is no guarantee that the hydrogen economy will happen as the obstacles are considerable and the competing visions are many.
Pathways to a Hydrogen Future seeks to untangle the competing visions of a hydrogen economy, explain the trade-offs and obstacles and offer recommendations for a path forward. The results are based on a detailed simulation model developed at Sandia National Laboratories: The Hydrogen Futures Simulation Model (H2Sim).
The H2Sim is a high-level strategic tool for evaluating the economic and environmental trade-offs of alternative hydrogen production, storage, transport, and end use options in the year 2020.
An executive version of H2Sim is included with the book allowing readers to explore the various scenarios discussed. H2Sim's ease of use and its ability to provide answers to these types of questions make it a powerful educational and policy making tool.
The model's structure is ideal for exploring what-if questions, such as: Can fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) compete economically with current cars if the FCVs are 2.5 times as efficient? Should the hydrogen be produced at fueling stations or at central locations and transported to fueling stations?

* Includes an executive version of H2Sim allowing readers to explore the various scenarios discussed
* H2Sim's ease of use and ability to provide answers makes it a powerful educational and policy making tool
* The model's structure is ideal for exploring what-if questions, such as: Can fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) compete economically with current cars if the FCVs are 2.5 times as efficient? Should the hydrogen be produced at fueling stations or at central locations and transported to fueling stations?
Hydrogen may someday fuel our cars and power and heat our homes and businesses and revolutionize the way we use energy. Moving to a hydrogen economy could help reduce our reliance on foreign oil, improve local air quality, and reduce the risk of climate change. Despite the potential of hydrogen, there is no guarantee that the hydrogen economy will happen as the obstacles are considerable and the competing visions are many. Pathways to a Hydrogen Future seeks to untangle the competing visions of a hydrogen economy, explain the trade-offs and obstacles and offer recommendations for a path forward. The results are based on a detailed simulation model developed at Sandia National Laboratories: "e;The Hydrogen Futures Simulation Model (H2Sim)"e;. The H2Sim is a high-level strategic tool for evaluating the economic and environmental trade-offs of alternative hydrogen production, storage, transport, and end use options in the year 2020. An executive version of H2Sim is included with the book allowing readers to explore the various scenarios discussed. H2Sim's ease of use and its ability to provide answers to these types of questions make it a powerful educational and policy making tool. The model's structure is ideal for exploring "e;what-if"e; questions, such as: Can fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) compete economically with current cars if the FCVs are 2.5 times as efficient? Should the hydrogen be produced at fueling stations or at central locations and transported to fueling stations?* Includes an executive version of H2Sim allowing readers to explore the various scenarios discussed * H2Sim's ease of use and ability to provide answers makes it a powerful educational and policy making tool * The model's structure is ideal for exploring "e;what-if"e; questions, such as: Can fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) compete economically with current cars if the FCVs are 2.5 times as efficient? Should the hydrogen be produced at fueling stations or at central locations and transported to fueling stations?

Cover 1
Table of Contents 6
List of Figures 10
List of Tables 14
Acknowledgement 16
Part I Overview 18
Chapter 1 The Hydrogen Futures Simulation Model (H2Sim): Pathways to a Hydrogen Future 20
Interest in the Hydrogen Economy 21
Global Energy Demand and Resource Availability 23
Energy Security 25
Environmental Considerations 26
Pathways to a Hydrogen Future 27
Centralized versus Decentralized Hydrogen Production Options 28
Hydrogen Futures Simulation Model 30
Production 31
Production Options 32
Hydrogen Production Costs 33
Carbon Capture and Sequestration 34
Distribution and Storage 35
Delivered Hydrogen Costs 36
End Use 38
Carbon Emissions 39
Sensitivity of the Results 40
Conclusion 42
References 43
Part II Why Hydrogen? 46
Chapter 2 Justifications for Hydrogen 48
Growing Energy Consumption 48
Fueling the World 50
The United States 60
Adequacy of Reserves 64
Reserve Estimates 67
Oil Sands 76
Coal to Liquid 77
Gas to Liquid 78
Biomass to Liquid 78
Undiscovered Reserves 80
Reserve Distribution 84
References 88
Chapter 3 Energy Security 92
Strategic Value of Oil 94
Economic Oil Security 95
Modeling and Forecasts of Future Oil Price Shocks 97
Historic Price Instability 98
Current Areas of Instability 100
Infrastructure Vulnerability 104
References 108
Chapter 4 Environmental Concerns 112
Climate Change 112
Other Environmental Concerns 124
References 134
Part III On the Road to Hydrogen 138
Chapter 5 Progress Towards a Hydrogen Future 140
Fuel Cell Cars 140
Other Hydrogen Vehicles 148
Portable Applications 149
Stationary Applications 154
Conclusion 165
References 166
Part IV The Hydrogen Futures Simulation Model (H2Sim) 170
Chapter 6 Hydrogen Production 174
Steam Methane Reformation 177
Coal Gasification 179
Electrolysis 180
Thermochemical Processes 182
Non-catalytic Partial Oxidation 185
Sensitivity Analysis 188
Carbon Emissions 195
References 196
Chapter 7 Hydrogen Distribution 200
Storage 202
Transportation 208
Hydrogen distribution 218
Sensitivity Analysis 221
References 225
Chapter 8 End Use 228
Vehicles 228
Carbon Emissions 230
End Use Costs 230
Sensitivity Analysis 233
References 237
Chapter 9 User’s Guide 238
System Requirements 238
Starting the Model and Running a Base Case 238
Model Operation 240
Model Navigation 240
Production 241
Capital Cost Sensitivity 242
Carbon Pathway 245
Storage and Delivery 246
End Use 248
Conclusion 251
Part V Conclusion and Discussion 252
Chapter 10 From Here to There: the Transition to a Hydrogen Future 254
A Decentralized Approach to Hydrogen Production for the United States 257
A Push from Carbon Markets in the European Union 263
The Push from Rapidly Developing Countries 266
Conclusion 268
References 269
Appendix 270
Executive Summary 270
Introduction 271
Model Structure and Assumptions 272
Sensitivity Analysis 276
Fuel Price Sensitivity Results 278
Capital Cost Sensitivity Analysis 280
Construction Time Sensitivity 282
Externality Analysis 284
Conclusions 286
A.1 Sensitivity Analysis using Platt’s Data 287
A.2 Detailed Externality Assumptions Available in GenSim 289
References 291
Index 292

Erscheint lt. Verlag 29.8.2007
Sprache englisch
Themenwelt Naturwissenschaften Chemie Technische Chemie
Naturwissenschaften Physik / Astronomie
Technik Bauwesen
Technik Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
Technik Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
Wirtschaft Volkswirtschaftslehre
ISBN-10 0-08-055044-4 / 0080550444
ISBN-13 978-0-08-055044-2 / 9780080550442
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