Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health (eBook)
XXI, 481 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-1-4419-0428-7 (ISBN)
Growing interest in the field of mental health in the workplace among policy makers, clinicians, and researchers alike has been fueled by equal employment rights legislation and increasing disability statistics in mental heath. The importance of addressing this topic is underscored by the fact that depression now ranks second on the hierarchy of occupational disabilities. The problem is compounded by a host of factors, including major difficulties in job retention and productivity experienced by persons with mental health disabilities; younger age and higher education of persons with mental health problems; and labor shortages and an aging workforce in many industrialized countries. In addition, particularly in the United States, the vocational needs of army veterans returning from duty with mental health disorders require system-based solutions and new rehabilitation approaches.
The pressure created by these powerful legislative, societal, and economic forces has not been matched by the state of evidence-based practices in the field of employment retention and job accommodation in mental health. Current research evidence is fragmented, limited in scope, difficult to access, and adversely affected by the traditional divide between the fields of psychiatry and psychology on one hand and interdisciplinary employment research and practices on the other. As a result, policy makers, employers, disability compensation systems, and rehabilitation and disability management professionals have been left without a critical 'how to' evidence-informed toolbox for occupational practices to accommodate and retain persons with mental health disabilities in the workplace. Currently, no single source of knowledge and research evidence exists in the field that would guide best practices. Yet the need for workplace accommodations for persons with mental health disabilities has been growing and, based on epidemiological trends, is anticipated to grow even more in the future. These trends leave physicians, psychologists, occupational therapists, vocational rehabilitation professionals, disability managers, human resource professionals, and policy makers poorly prepared to face the challenge of integrating and maintaining persons with mental health disabilities in the workplace.
The aim of the Handbook is to close the gap between the needs of the professionals and networks that work with or study persons with mental heath disorders in an employment context and the actual knowledge base in the field. The Handbook will be written in language that can easily be understood by readers representing a multitude of disciplines and research paradigms spanning the mental health, rehabilitation, and employment fields of inquiry. The Handbook will contribute an integration of the best quantitative and qualitative research in the field, together with experts' consensus, regarding effective work retention and accommodation strategies and practices in mental health. The book will consist of five major sections, divided into chapters written by recognized experts in these areas.
Dr. Izabela Schultz is a clinical and rehabilitation psychologist specializing in medico-legal and vocational aspects of psychological, neuropsychological and pain-related disability, both in her academic research and in her forensic practice. She is doubly Board-certified and holds the Diplomate distinctions of the American Board of Professional Psychology, in Clinical Psychology and of the American Board of Vocational Experts.
Dr. Schultz is Professor in the Counselling Psychology Program at the University of British Columbia where she also serves as Director of the newly formed graduate program in Vocational Rehabilitation Counselling. She has presented, taught and published extensively in the United States, Canada, and internationally in the area of psychosocial, vocational and psycho-legal aspects of disability. Her particular research expertise is in determination of causation of psychological disability, in multivariate prediction of occupational disability, early intervention with high risk workers and employment retention of employees with complex disabilities including mental health, brain injury and pain. She has provided expert court testimony on psychological and neuropsychological matters.
Dr. Schultz's two previous books, Psychological Injuries at Trial (2003) and Handbook of Complex Occupational Disability Claims (2005), have contributed to an evolution of the paradigm in the occupational disability field-from medical to biopsychosocial model.
Dr. Schultz is currently co-chair of the American Psychological Association's Task Force on Guidelines for Assessment and Treatment of Persons with Disabilities, and is on the editorial boards of several scholarly journals.
E. Sally Rogers is Director of Research at the Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation at Boston University where she had been conducting mental health and vocational research since 1981. The Center was founded under the direction of Dr. William Anthony and has focused on the rehabilitation and recovery of persons with psychiatric disability since that time. Dr. Rogers currently serves as Co-Principal Investigator of a Research and Training Center grant which is funded to carry out research studies on functioning and recovery of individuals with mental illness. She is also a Co-Principal Investigator on a grant to culturally adapt a measure on recovery for Spanish speaking mental health clients. Dr. Rogers was Principal Investigator of a post-doctoral fellowship award from NIDRR for 10 years, Principal Investigator of a multi-site grant to study consumer-operated services funded by the Center for Mental Health Services, and Principal Investigator of several smaller grants.
Dr. Rogers is a reviewer for numerous scholarly publications in the field, has developed instruments currently being used by research studies and service organizations, and is a licensed psychologist in the state of Massachusetts.
Dr. Rogers is also Research Associate Professor at Boston University, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences where she has taught Masters and doctoral-level research courses and seminars. She is the recipient of the Loeb Research Award from the International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services, the 2007 ARCA award for research. Dr. Rogers has written approximately 50 peer-reviewed papers on various topics related to the vocational rehabilitation, vocational assessment, and recovery of persons with severe psychiatric disability.
Growing interest in the field of mental health in the workplace among policy makers, clinicians, and researchers alike has been fueled by equal employment rights legislation and increasing disability statistics in mental heath. The importance of addressing this topic is underscored by the fact that depression now ranks second on the hierarchy of occupational disabilities. The problem is compounded by a host of factors, including major difficulties in job retention and productivity experienced by persons with mental health disabilities; younger age and higher education of persons with mental health problems; and labor shortages and an aging workforce in many industrialized countries. In addition, particularly in the United States, the vocational needs of army veterans returning from duty with mental health disorders require system-based solutions and new rehabilitation approaches.The pressure created by these powerful legislative, societal, and economic forces has not been matched by the state of evidence-based practices in the field of employment retention and job accommodation in mental health. Current research evidence is fragmented, limited in scope, difficult to access, and adversely affected by the traditional divide between the fields of psychiatry and psychology on one hand and interdisciplinary employment research and practices on the other. As a result, policy makers, employers, disability compensation systems, and rehabilitation and disability management professionals have been left without a critical "e;how to"e; evidence-informed toolbox for occupational practices to accommodate and retain persons with mental health disabilities in the workplace. Currently, no single source of knowledge and research evidence exists in the field that would guide best practices. Yet the need for workplace accommodations for persons with mental health disabilities has been growing and, based on epidemiological trends, is anticipated to grow even more in the future. These trends leave physicians, psychologists, occupational therapists, vocational rehabilitation professionals, disability managers, human resource professionals, and policy makers poorly prepared to face the challenge of integrating and maintaining persons with mental health disabilities in the workplace.The aim of the Handbook is to close the gap between the needs of the professionals and networks that work with or study persons with mental heath disorders in an employment context and the actual knowledge base in the field. The Handbook will be written in language that can easily be understood by readers representing a multitude of disciplines and research paradigms spanning the mental health, rehabilitation, and employment fields of inquiry. The Handbook will contribute an integration of the best quantitative and qualitative research in the field, together with experts consensus, regarding effective work retention and accommodation strategies and practices in mental health.The book will consist of five major sections, divided into chapters written by recognized experts in these areas.
Dr. Izabela Schultz is a clinical and rehabilitation psychologist specializing in medico-legal and vocational aspects of psychological, neuropsychological and pain-related disability, both in her academic research and in her forensic practice. She is doubly Board-certified and holds the Diplomate distinctions of the American Board of Professional Psychology, in Clinical Psychology and of the American Board of Vocational Experts.Dr. Schultz is Professor in the Counselling Psychology Program at the University of British Columbia where she also serves as Director of the newly formed graduate program in Vocational Rehabilitation Counselling. She has presented, taught and published extensively in the United States, Canada, and internationally in the area of psychosocial, vocational and psycho-legal aspects of disability. Her particular research expertise is in determination of causation of psychological disability, in multivariate prediction of occupational disability, early intervention with high risk workers and employment retention of employees with complex disabilities including mental health, brain injury and pain. She has provided expert court testimony on psychological and neuropsychological matters.Dr. Schultz’s two previous books, Psychological Injuries at Trial (2003) and Handbook of Complex Occupational Disability Claims (2005), have contributed to an evolution of the paradigm in the occupational disability field—from medical to biopsychosocial model.Dr. Schultz is currently co-chair of the American Psychological Association’s Task Force on Guidelines for Assessment and Treatment of Persons with Disabilities, and is on the editorial boards of several scholarly journals.E. Sally Rogers is Director of Research at the Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation at Boston University where she had been conducting mental health and vocational research since 1981. The Center was founded under the direction of Dr. William Anthony and has focused on the rehabilitation and recovery of persons with psychiatric disability since that time. Dr. Rogers currently serves as Co-Principal Investigator of a Research and Training Center grant which is funded to carry out research studies on functioning and recovery of individuals with mental illness. She is also a Co-Principal Investigator on a grant to culturally adapt a measure on recovery for Spanish speaking mental health clients. Dr. Rogers was Principal Investigator of a post-doctoral fellowship award from NIDRR for 10 years, Principal Investigator of a multi-site grant to study consumer-operated services funded by the Center for Mental Health Services, and Principal Investigator of several smaller grants. Dr. Rogers is a reviewer for numerous scholarly publications in the field, has developed instruments currently being used by research studies and service organizations, and is a licensed psychologist in the state of Massachusetts.Dr. Rogers is also Research Associate Professor at Boston University, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences where she has taught Masters and doctoral-level research courses and seminars. She is the recipient of the Loeb Research Award from the International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services, the 2007 ARCA award for research. Dr. Rogers has written approximately 50 peer-reviewed papers on various topics related to the vocational rehabilitation, vocational assessment, and recovery of persons with severe psychiatric disability.
Preface 6
Contents 12
Contributors 16
Part I:onceptual Issues in Job Accommodationin Mental Health 24
Chapter 1: Law and Job Accommodation in Mental Health Disability 25
Introduction 25
Disability Nondiscrimination Laws 28
Note on the Definition of “Disability” and the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 28
No Discrimination or Harassment 30
No Unnecessary Policies that Screen Out Persons with Disabilities 30
Reasonable Accommodation 31
Requesting Accommodation 32
Pros and Cons of Disclosing a Mental Health Condition 33
Reasonable Medical Documentation 33
Interactive Process 34
Accommodations for Persons with Mental Health Disabilities 36
Leave of Absence 36
Modified or Part-Time Work Schedule 38
Modifying Workplace Policies 38
Job Restructuring 39
Adjusting Supervisory Methods 40
Modified or More Training 41
Working at Home 41
Environmental Changes 43
Reassignment or Transfer to a Vacant Position 43
Protection from Unnecessary Medical Inquiries and Examinations 45
Application Stage 45
Note: How to Respond to Illegal Questions During an Interview or On an Application 47
Post-offer Stage 48
On the Job 49
No Discrimination for Associating with Person with Disability, and No Retaliation or Interference for Engaging in Protected Activities 49
Conclusion 50
References 50
Chapter 2:Investing in the Mental Health of the Labor Force: Epidemiological and Economic Impact of Mental Health Disabilities in the Workplace 55
Investing in a Healthy Labor Force 56
Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the General Population 58
Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the Working Population 59
Variations in Prevalence Rates 59
How Mental Disorders Affect Productivity 61
Barrier to Labor Force Participation and Unemployment 61
Early Retirement 63
Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and Short-term Disability 64
Decreased Productivity Related to Spillover Effects on Coworkers and Supervisors 66
Decreased Productivity Related to Spillover Effects on Families 67
Conclusion 67
References 68
Chapter 3: Stigma, Discrimination, and Employment Outcomes among Persons with Mental Health Disabilities 74
Introduction 74
Background 75
Mental Disorders and Work Disability 75
Mental Disorders and Stigma 77
Estimating the Effects of Discrimination 79
Definition 79
Models Predicting Discrimination 81
Limitations of the Empirical Models 82
Empirical Estimates 83
Summary 84
Conclusions 85
Appendix 86
Binary Model 86
Decomposition Model 87
References 87
Part II:Mental Health Disabilities and WorkFunctioning 91
Chapter 4: Vocational Capacity among Individuals with Mental Health Disabilities 92
Introduction 92
Employment Rates of Individuals with Mental Health Disabilities 93
Clinical Predictors of Work Functioning and Capacity 93
Early Studies Examining Clinical Predictors 94
Recent Studies Examining Clinical Predictors of Vocational Outcomes 94
Demographic Predictors of Work Functioning and Capacity 97
Cognitive Predictors of Work Outcomes 97
Work Outcomes Following Rehabilitation Interventions 98
Nature of Mental Health Conditions 99
Assessments of Vocational Capacity 100
Promising Assessment Methods of Vocational Capacity 101
Conclusions 102
Implications for Vocational Rehabilitation Personnel 103
References 104
Chapter 5: Employment and Serious Mental Health Disabilities 109
Employment Marginalization and Serious Mental Illness 110
The Benefits of Working 111
Factors Contributing to Employment Marginalization 112
Developmental Factors 112
Illness-Related Factors 112
Treatment-Related Factors 114
Societal and Environmental Factors 115
Conclusion: Advancing a Capability- and Opportunity-Based Approach to Employment and Serious Mental Illness 117
References 117
Chapter 6: Depression and Work Performance: The Work and Health Initiative Study 120
Introduction 120
The Mechanisms Underlying Work Loss 121
Service Gaps 123
The New Intervention Model 124
Workplace-Based Depression Screening and Medical Care Coordination 125
Work Modification and Coaching Component 126
Work-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Strategies Component 127
The WHI Infrastructure 127
EAP Counselor Training 128
Web-Based WHI Information System 128
WHI Test Results 129
Unmet Need for Care 130
Insight into Underlying Mechanisms Linking Depression to Work Loss 131
Adherence to the Process of Care 132
Outcomes 132
Conclusions 133
References 133
Chapter 7: Anxiety Disorders and Work Performance 138
Scope of the Problem 138
A Review of the Anxiety Disorders, Work Impairment, and Disability 139
The Impact of Anxiety Disorders on Work Performance 144
Assessment of Work Performance in the Anxiety Disorders 149
Work Rehabilitation of Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Job Accommodations 150
Conclusions and Future Directions 152
References 153
Chapter 8: Brain Injury and Work Performance 158
Definition and Mechanisms 158
Epidemiology 159
Injury Severity: Terminology and Classification Schemes 160
The Special Circumstances of mTBI 161
Consequences of Moderate to Severe TBI 162
Overview of Research Literature: Trends, Limitations, and Challenges 165
Summary of Recent Reviews 166
Summary of Individual RTW Studies 167
Sex and Ethnicity Issues in Employment Following TBI 171
Conclusions 173
References 174
Chapter 9: Personality Disorders and Work 179
Background on Personality Disorders 179
Personality Disorders in the Workplace 184
Studies of the Relationship Between PDs and Labor Market Outcomes 189
Treatment 193
Conclusions 195
References 199
Part III:Employment Interventions for Personswith Mental Health Disabilities 205
Chapter 10: Disclosure of Mental Health Disabilities in the Workplace* 206
Introduction 206
What is Disclosure? 207
Full Disclosure 207
Selective Disclosure 208
Strategically Timed Disclosure 208
Targeted Disclosure 208
Non-disclosure 209
Inadvertent Disclosure 209
Forced Disclosure 209
Factors Influencing Disclosure Decisions 210
People Factors 210
Job/Accommodation Factors 212
Work and Social Environment Factors 212
Components of Disclosure Decisions 214
WHY 214
WHO 217
TO WHOM 218
WHAT 219
WHEN 220
Outcomes of Disclosure 221
Recommendations for Practices on Disclosure 222
Preparing for Disclosure 223
Implementing Disclosure 223
Conclusion 224
Appendix A 224
Tasks for Preparing to Disclose 224
Appendix B 227
Tasks for Disclosing 227
Appendix C 228
Resources on Disclosure and Accommodations 228
References 230
Chapter 11: Approaches to Improving Employment Outcomes for People with Serious Mental Illness 233
Principles Guiding Employment Approaches 233
Principle 1: Focus on Employment in the Community-Based Workforce as the Desired Outcome 234
Principle 2: Provide a Range of Ongoing Employment-Related Support 234
Principle 3: Employment Practices are Client-Centered and Collaborative 235
Principle 4: Address Social Attitudes and Structures to Positively Impact Employment 235
Principle 5: Approach Employment from a Life-Career Perspective 235
Principle 6: Provide Early Intervention to Prevent Employment Marginalization 235
Principle 7: Integrate Vocational and Clinical Services 236
Principle 8: Provider Competencies and Practice Standards are Consistent with Current Knowledge About Best Practices in the Field 236
Approaches to Improving Employment Outcomes 237
Individual Placement and Support 237
Community Economic Development 238
Creating Employment Opportunities Within the Mental Health System 240
Conclusion 242
References 242
Chapter 12: Employment Interventions for Persons with Mood and Anxiety Disorders 246
Description of Mood and Anxiety Disorders 246
Impact of Mood and Anxiety Disorders on Work Functioning 248
Description of Treatments for Mood and Anxiety Disorders 249
Pharmacological Treatments 250
Psychosocial Treatments 250
Clinical Vignette: Use of CBT Strategies with an Older Worker with Anxiety Symptoms 251
Untreated Anxiety and Depression 252
Summary of Key Points Regarding Mood and Anxiety Disorders and Their Treatment 253
Work-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression 253
Individual-Level Work-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression 254
Stand-Alone CBT Interventions 258
CBT Plus Graded Activity Interventions 259
Other Individual Level Interventions 260
Organizational Level Work-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression 261
Combined Work-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression 263
Summary of Work-Based Interventions, Implications for Clinical Practice, and Barriers to Implementation 264
Focus on Return to Work 264
Graded Activity 265
Facilitation of Workplace Accommodations 267
Focus on Ensuring Optimal Treatment of Anxiety and Mood Disorders 270
Focus on Combined Interventions to Maximize Effective Treatment of Mood and Anxiety Disorders 272
Conclusion 273
References 273
Chapter 13: Employment Interventions for Persons with Mild Cognitive Disorders 276
Introduction 276
Perspectives on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury 276
Review of Treatment for Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury 278
Education and Reassurance 278
Scope and Intensity of Rehabilitation 278
Cognitive Rehabilitation 278
Preexisting and Concurrent Mental Health Vulnerabilities 279
Focus on Most Prominent Symptoms 279
Psychological Assessment 279
Contextual Factors 279
The Importance of Comprehensive Assessment 280
Additional Accommodation Resources 281
Levels of Intervention in Mild Brain Injury 281
Minimal Intervention 282
More Intensive Jobsite Support 282
Cognitive Accommodation Framework 282
Attention/Concentration 283
Organization/Problem Solving 283
Memory 284
Speed of Information Processing 285
Cognitive Fatigue 285
Mild Brain Injury: Accommodation and Employment Intervention Examples 286
Case of Joe 286
Case of Brandy 286
Conclusion 287
Appendix: Disclosure Support Letter 288
References 288
Chapter 14: Return to Work After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Supported Employment Approach 290
Introduction 290
Supported Employment 291
Traumatic Brain Injury and Supported Employment 293
Individualized Approach to Supported Employment 295
Referral and Intake 296
Functional Vocational Assessment 296
Residual Skills Vocational Assessment 297
Career Exploration Assessment 298
Situational Assessments 298
Job Shadowing 298
Informational Interviews 299
Interacting in the Community 299
Job Development 300
Job Restructuring 300
Involvement of Individuals with TBI 301
On- and Off-the-Job Supports 301
Support Prior to Starting Work 302
Additional on the Job Site Skills Training and Data Collection 302
Job Completion Guarantee 303
Compensatory Memory Strategies 303
Long-Term Support and Job Retention Services 304
Conclusion 305
References 305
Chapter 15: Company-Level Interventions in Mental Health 308
Mental Health in the Workplace: Need for Employer-Based Approaches 309
Initiatives in the United States 312
Canadian Initiatives 315
Policy and Program Recommendations for Employers 317
Future Directions 318
References 319
Chapter 16: Service Integration in Supported Employment 323
Introduction 323
The Employment Intervention Demonstration Program 324
The Importance of Service Integration to Engagement 326
Combining Cognitive Skills Training, Family Therapy, and Vocational Rehabilitation 326
Service Integration for Working Mothers 327
Coordination of Symptom Management with Vocational Support 327
Integrating Substance Abuse Treatment with Employment Services 328
Importance of Peer Support to the Career Journey 328
“It Takes a Village” to Coordinate Recovery 329
Service Integration Combining Professional Treatment with Natural Supports 329
Summary and Conclusions 330
References 332
Part IV:Barriers and Facilitators to JobAccommodations in the Workplace 334
Chapter 17: Employer Attitudes Towards Accommodations in Mental Health Disability 335
Introduction 335
Employer Perspectives on Job Accommodations for Persons with Mental Health Disabilities 337
Employer Profiles 337
Employer Attitudes 338
Employer Experience with Job Accommodations for Persons with Mental Health Disabilities 340
Prediction of Attitudes and Job Accommodation by Employer 344
Discussion 344
Conclusions and Recommendations 346
Future Research 348
References 349
Chapter 18: Mental Health Literacy and Stigma Associated with Depression in the Working Population 351
Introduction 351
A Population-Based Study of Depression Literacy 355
Conclusions 357
References 358
Chapter 19: Systemic Barriers and Facilitators to Job Accommodations in Mental Health: Experts’ Consensus 362
Introduction 362
Interviewing the Experts: Methods 363
Removing the Barriers to Accommodating Persons with Mental Health Disabilities at Work: Study Results 364
Current Practice Barriers 365
Limitations 365
Lack of Education/Knowledge/Awareness/Research 365
Attitudes/Fear/Stigma 366
Lack of an Employee/Client-Centered Approach and Employees’ Self-Preserving, Counter-Productive Responses 366
Employer Characteristics and Expectations 367
Current Practice for Processes/Facilitators/Solutions to Remove Barriers 368
Help from Others 368
Education/Knowledge/Awareness/Research 368
Meeting the Basic Requirements of a Job Description 369
Assessment 369
Conditions for Current Practices to Be Successful 369
Current Practice in Accommodations 370
Changing Job Tasks/Work Requirements/Work Environment 370
Workplace Social Support 370
Social Skills Training 371
Accommodations for Memory Deficits/Technological Enhancements 371
Recommended Practice for Removal of Barriers to Work Accommodations 371
Education/Knowledge/Awareness/Understanding 372
Help from Others 372
Assessments 373
Implications for Best Practices in Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health: Discussion 373
Barriers 374
Optimal Workplace Interventions 375
Accommodations 376
Conclusions 377
References 378
Part V:Evidence-Informed Practice in JobAccommodation 382
Chapter 20: Inclusion of People with Mental Health Disabilities into the Workplace: Accommodation as a Social Process 383
Introduction 383
Understanding Accommodation as a Strategy for Inclusion 384
Accommodation as a Social Process 387
The Significant Role of Communication: A Case Example 394
Conclusions and Recommendations 395
References 397
Chapter 21: Organizational Culture and Work Issues for Individuals with Mental Health Disabilities 400
What Is Organizational Culture? 400
Why Does Organizational Culture Matter? 401
Person-Culture Fit 402
Organizational Culture and Special Populations 404
Organizational Culture and Mental Health Consumers 406
How Does Organizational Culture Intersect with Stigma and Discrimination in the Workplace? 407
Disclosure and Organizational Culture 409
How Can Organizations Create Cultures that Foster Inclusion, Diversity, and Successful Work Outcomes for Persons with Mental Health Problems? 410
Conclusion 412
References 413
Chapter 22: Evidentiary Support for Best Practices in Job Accommodation in Mental Health: Employer-Level Interventions 416
Introduction 416
Barriers to Employment and Job Accommodation in Mental Health 417
Searching the Literature for Evidentiary Support for Job Accommodations 419
Functional Limitations in Mental Health 420
Key Job Accommodation Practices for Persons with Mental Health Disabilities 422
Towards Evidence-Informed Practices: What Have We Learned and Where Are We Headed? 425
References 427
Chapter 23: Disability Management Approach to Job Accommodation for Mental Health Disability 431
Mental Health Disability in the Workplace: The Need for Disability Management 431
Disability Management Defined 432
Disability Management: Key Concepts, Interventions, and Techniques 433
Evolution of Disability Management 436
The Working Alliance 437
Bonding 438
Goals 439
Tasks 439
Case Example 440
Conclusion 443
References 444
Part VI:Future Directions 448
Chapter 24: Best Practices in Accommodating and Retaining Persons with Mental Health Disabilities at Work: Answered and Unanswered Questions 449
Introduction 449
Need for a New Framework 449
Multisystem Interventions in Occupational Mental Health 450
Macrosystem Interventions 451
Employer-Level (Mesosystem) Interventions 452
Level I Intervention: Primary Prevention 452
Organizational Restructuring: Integrative Approach 452
Written Policies on Health and Wellness 453
Budgeting for Costs of Job Accommodations 453
Training of Management and Supervisors 453
Level II Interventions: Reducing Occupational Disability and Enhancing Employment Outcomes 454
Disability Management 454
Supported Employment 455
Job-Employee Matching 455
Recognizing and Targeting Barriers to Job Accommodation 455
Best Evidence–Informed Work Accommodations 456
Employee-Level (Microsystem) Interventions 457
Early Identification, Diagnosis, and Treatment 457
Client-Centered Assessment and Planning 458
Coping Skills Training 458
Self-Awareness Counseling 458
Social Network Development 459
Work Hardening 459
Job Coaching 460
Conclusions and Recommendations for Practice 460
Future Research Directions 463
References 465
Index 470
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 16.11.2010 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | XXI, 481 p. |
| Verlagsort | New York |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Sozialpsychologie |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitswesen | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Arbeits- / Sozial- / Umweltmedizin | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Physiotherapie / Ergotherapie ► Ergotherapie | |
| Wirtschaft ► Volkswirtschaftslehre ► Makroökonomie | |
| Schlagworte | Disability • disability compensation • menatal health rehabilitation • mental health accomodations • mental health disability • mental health in workplace • occupational disabilty • Vocational rehabilitation • workplace accommodations |
| ISBN-10 | 1-4419-0428-X / 144190428X |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-4419-0428-7 / 9781441904287 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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