The China Information Technology Handbook (eBook)

Foreword 6
Contents 9
Chapter 1 Guanxi and Information Technology Companies in China: Understanding Social Connections Structures 19
1 Introduction - China and Information Technology Companies 19
2 Definitions of Guanxi 20
2.1 Dimensions of guanxi construct 21
2.2 Categories of guanxi 22
2.3 Advantages and risks of guanxi 25
2.4 Guanxi Today 25
3 Conclusions and implications for management in the IT sector 26
References 27
Chapter 2 Information Technology Outsourcing Risk Trends in China 28
1 Introduction 28
2 Information Systems Risk 29
2.1 IT Risk Identification and Analysis 29
2.2 Brainstorming 30
2.3 Nominal Group Technique 30
2.4 Delphi Method 31
3 Risk Analysis and Mitigation 31
3.1 Outsourcing Risks 31
3.2 Tradeoffs in ERP Outsourcing 33
3.3 Qualitative Factors 34
4 Outsourcing Risks in China 35
4.1 Business Risks 36
5 Conclusions 37
References 38
Chapter 3 Chinese Consumers’ Attitudes and Adoption of Online and Mobile Banking 39
1 New distribution channels and effects on consumer behaviour in the retail banking industry 39
2 Online and mobile banking in China 40
3 Consumer attitude and adoption of electronic banking 41
3.1 Factors predetermining consumer attitude and adoption of mbanking 42
3.2 Drivers of online and mobile banking in China 45
4 The survey 46
4.1 Issues investigated in the study 47
4.2 Study objectives 47
4.3 Users/non-users’ demographics 48
4.4 Factors affecting consumer attitude and adoption of m-banking 49
4.5 Chinese consumers’ attitudes to online and mobile banking 51
5 Managerial implications 52
6 Conclusion 54
References 55
Chapter 4 International Patterns in Manufacturing Strategies 57
1 Introduction 57
2 Data and the research process 59
3 Results and analysis 62
4 Conclusions and summary 68
References 68
Chapter 5 The Term Innovation and its Front End – Is There a Specific Asian View? 70
1 Background 70
2 Innovation and innovativeness 71
2.1 Introduction and history 71
2.2 The term innovation 72
2.3 Innovation in small and big companies 72
2.4 Fuzzy Front End of Innovation 73
3 Different views on the same issue 78
4 Future directions 79
References 79
Chapter 6 Beijing International IT R& D Hub
1 Introduction 82
2. Beijing’s Location Advantage to Establish International IT R& D Hub
2.1. Human Capital 85
2.2 Business Environment 86
2.3. Actual Scale of FDI Utilization 86
2.4. Standard of Science and Technology 86
2.5. Degree of Protecting Intellectual Property Right 86
3 Growth Stage of Beijing International IT R& D Hub
3.1. Budding Period 87
3.2. Incubator Period 89
3.3. Development Period 89
4 Strategy 90
4.1. Model of Brand City Building 91
4.2. Model of Beijing Brand City Building 92
4.3. A key Issue to Build Brand City—Business Environment 93
4.4. Strategy of Establishing Brand City 95
5 Role of Government 98
5.1. Further Improve the Law System 99
5.2. Strengthen the Supervision on Enterprises 99
5.3 Perfect Agency Service Organizations 99
5.4. Perfect the Service Mechanism for Enterprises 99
5.5. Further to Improve the Urban Infrastructure 100
5.6. Building Favorable Policies to Recruit and Retain Talent 100
6 Conclusion 100
References 101
Chapter 7 Absorptive Capability, Local Innovation Networks, and International R& D Spillovers
1 Introduction 103
2 Theoretical Background and Hypotheses 106
2.1 Theoretical Background 106
2.2 Hypotheses 108
3 Methodology and data 111
3.1 Model 111
3.2 Data 114
4 Empirical Results 127
4.1 Determinants of the Performance of Innovation 127
4.2 Building Local Innovation Networks or Relying on International Spillovers? 129
5 Concluding Remarks 130
References 132
Appendix 7.A Selected Industries Representing the Chinese ICT Sector 135
Chapter 8 Analyzing Growth of Mobile Telecommunication Services in China 136
1 Introduction 136
2 Licensing of Mobile Services in China 138
3 Factors Affecting Growth of Mobile Services 140
3.1 Income 140
3.2 Population 140
3.3 Penetration of Fixed Lines 140
3.4 Network Effects 141
3.5 Other Factors 142
4 Model for Analysing Mobile Penetration 142
5 Estimation and Analysis 143
6 Discussions 144
6.1 Effect of Fixed Lines 144
6.2 The Network Effect 146
6.3 Income and Population Effects 146
7 Conclusion and Future Research Directions 148
References 149
Chapter 9 Virtual Worlds Success in Mainland 151
1 Introduction 151
2 Literature Review 154
2.1 The Emergence of Virtual Worlds 154
2.2 History of Second Life 155
2.3 History of HiPiHi 156
3. Theoretical Background: 157
3.1 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) 157
3.2 Strategies of Virtual Worlds 159
4 Research Approach 160
5 Comparison between Second Life and HiPiHi: 162
5.1 Technology Solution (TS) Comparison 162
5.2 Business Model (BM) Comparison 164
5.3 Game Model (GM) Comparison 165
5.4 Virtual World Culture (VWC) Comparison 167
6. Discussion 168
7. Conclusion 171
References 171
Chapter 10 The Role of China in Requirements Research 173
1 Introduction 173
2 Research Method 175
3 Results for All RE Publications 177
3.1 General RE Publication Trends 177
3.2 China’s Role vs. World 178
3.3 China’s Role vs. Other Asian Countries 179
3.4 Continental Trends 186
3.5 Top RE Producing Institutions 188
4 Results for RE Journal Publications 189
4.1 General RE Journal Publication Trends 189
4.2 China’s Role vs. World 189
4.3 China’s Role vs. Other Asian Countries 191
4.4 Continental Trends 195
4.5 Top RE Journal Producing Institutions 196
5 Limitations 197
6 Conclusions and Contributions 198
References 200
Chapter 11 Cultural Characteristics and Effective Business in China 201
1 The Importance of Cultural Environment in International Business 201
1.2 Cultural Distance 205
1.3 Interpersonal Relations and Negotiation Strategies 208
2 Consequences of Chinese Cultural Characteristics in Business Strategy in China 209
2.1 “Guanxi” (Personal Connections) 213
2.2 “Zhongjian Ren”- The Intermediary 219
2.3 “Mien-tsu”- Face or Social Capital 219
3 Conclusions 220
References 222
Chapter 12 The Impact of IT on Organizational Forms 225
1 Information 225
2 IT-enabled structural variables 225
3 The e-enabled vertically integrated organizations 227
4 Virtual organization 229
5 Discussion 231
Chapter 13 Intellectual Capital and Competitive Advantage in the Globalization Context 232
1 Introduction 233
2 Theory Development and Research Hypotheses 234
3 Research Method 239
3.1 Data Collection 239
3.2 Measures 240
3.3 Unidimensionality, Scale Validity, and Reliability 241
4.1 The Relationship between Human Capital and Organizational Competitive Advantage 244
4.2 The Relationship between Structure Capital and Corporation Competitive Advantage 244
4.3 The Relationship between Intellectual Property Capital and Organizational Competitive Advantage 245
4.4 The Relationship between Relationship Capital and Company Competitive Advantage 245
4.5 The Relationship between Firm Age, Environment, Firm size, Tangible Assets and Competitive Advantage in Creative Enterprises 245
5 Managerial Implications 246
6 Limitations and Directions for Future Research 248
References 249
Chapter 14 The Innovest Ratings of Chinese Organizations: 253
1 Introduction 253
2 Our Study 254
3 Analysis and Results 257
4 The Benchmarking Results 258
5 Discussion and implications 260
References 260
Chapter 15 Language- divides and Global Inequalities: 262
1 Introduction 263
2 The Problems Generated by the ICT 264
2.1 The Linguistic Conflicts 266
3 A Linguistic Solution 268
3.1 The Strengths and Weaknesses of Chinese Logograph2 269
3.2 The Natural Logograph (NL) 272
3.3 The Possible Impacts of NL 274
4 Conclusion 276
References 278
Chapter 16 Agricultural Informationization in China 279
1 Background 279
1.1 Background about Rural China 279
1.2 Background about Agricultural Informationization in China 281
2 Current Status of Agricultural Informationization in China 283
2.1 Development Phases of Agricultural Informationization in China 283
2.2 Information Service Models and Technical Models in Rural China 285
2.3 Problems and Challenges for Agricultural Informationization in China 294
3. Government Police Guidance and Actions 295
3.1 Government Police Guidance for Agricultural Informationization 295
3.2 Government projects and actions 296
4 Conclusion 302
4.1 The Coming Five to Ten Years is Crucial for Agricultural Informationization 302
4.2 The Development Direction of Agricultural Informationization 303
References 304
Chapter 17 Mobile Communications Market in China 306
1 Introduction 306
2 Industry Level Market Characteristics 307
2.1 Reorganization and Deregulation of the Telecom Industry 307
2.2 Dual Oligopolistic Market 309
3 User Level Market Characteristics 310
3.1 Income Based Market Segments 310
3.2 Lifestyle based Market Segment: High ARPU 311
3.3 Low ARPU Market: Short Messaging Services (SMS) Usage 313
3.3 Preference for Prepayment Price Mechanism: Low ARPU 314
4 Conclusions 314
References 315
Chapter 18 Logistics and IT Services in China Outsourcing in the Manufacturing Industries 318
1 Introduction 318
2 Review of the Literature 319
3 Methodology and sample 321
4 Analysis 324
4.1. Logistic Services Provided by Suppliers 324
4.2. Actions Taken by Suppliers to Meet Customer Needs 325
4.3 Customer Logistics Performance Criteria 330
4.4 Impacts on Supplier Management 333
4.5 Customer Selection Criteria of Suppliers 335
4.6. Difficulties and Challenges for Suppliers 337
5 Conclusion 338
References 339
Chapter 19 China’s Perspectives on the Development of IT 341
1 An Overview: IT Development in China over the Past Decade and Current Situations 341
1.1 Legal and regulatory framework 342
1.2 E-government 343
1.3 Telecommunication 346
1.4 IT industry 348
1.5 Internet 350
2 Current Issues and Problems 350
2.1 The Deficiency of Legal and Regulatory Framework 351
2.2 The Uneven Development of IT development 351
2.3 The Inefficiency of IT Applications 352
2.4 The Problem of Information Security 352
2.5 The Lack of Human Resources in IT Area 353
3 Government’s Dilemma and Response 353
3.1 Government: E-Government and Others 354
3.3 The Role of Market: Innovation and others 355
3.4 To Improve Social Justice 356
4 Conclusion 356
References 357
Chapter 20 Electronic Government in China 359
1 Introduction 359
2 The Dawn of China’s e-Government 360
3 Strategies for Advancing China’s e-Government 361
4 The Status of China’s e-Government 363
5 Obstacles Facing China’s e-Government Development 365
6 International Research on e-Government in China 367
7 Outlook for e-Government in China 369
References 370
Chapter 21 Software Evolution for Evolving China 373
1 Introduction 373
2 Background and Basic Concepts 374
2.1 From Software Crisis to Legacy Crisis 374
2.2 Software Evolution 375
2.3 Software Reengineering and Terminology 380
3 The State of the Art 382
3.1 Research Methods 382
3.2 Two Approaches 383
3.3 Research Domains 384
3.4 Representative Reengineering Environments 386
3.5 Demanding Issues 390
4 Research of Software Evolution in China 391
4.1 Software Requirement Change and Domain Analysis 391
4.2 Software Architecture Evolution 392
4.3 Runtime Evolution 393
4.4 Software Evolution Process 394
4.5 Software Evolution with Modern Techniques 396
4.6 Data Evolution 398
4.7 Tools Developed in China 398
4.8 Observations 399
5 Discussion and Recommendations 400
6 Summary 401
References 402
Chapter 22 E- Commerce in China: Culture and Challenges 406
1 Overview and Introduction 406
2 Internet Use and E-Commerce 407
3 Internet and Web Users in China 408
4 The Chinese Web Surfer 409
5 Government 410
6 Business Issues and E-Commerce in China 411
6.1 Trust, Reputation and Guanxi 411
6.2 Payment Issues 412
6.3 Shipping and Distribution 413
7 E-Commerce Buying Patterns 414
8 Chinese Culture and E-Commerce 416
8.1 Culture 416
8.2 Hoefstede’s Dimensions of Culture 417
8.3 Other Cultural Models and Frameworks 418
9 Conclusion and Future Trends of E-Commerce in China 420
References 422
Short Bios 425
Editors 425
Authors 426
Index 435