Computer Vision in Smart Agriculture and Crop Management

Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj, PhD, is a professor in the School of Computing Science and Engineering at Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India. He has contributed to over 25 books on various technologies, 21 patents, and 53 articles and papers in various refereed journals and international conferences. He is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, member of the Computer Science Teacher Association and International Association of Engineers, and an Expert Advisory Panel Member of Texas Instruments Inc., USA. His research interests include Machine Learning, Cyber-Physical Systems, and Wireless Sensor Networks. Balamurugan Balusamy, PhD, is an associate dean student at Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, India with over 12 years of experience. He has published over 200 papers, edited and authored over 80 books, and collaborated with professors across the world from top ranked universities. Additionally, he has several top-notch conferences on his resume, serves on the advisory committee for several startups and forums, and does consultancy work for the industry on industrial IoT and has given over 195 talks at various events and symposiums. Prithi Samuel, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Computational Intelligence at the SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai, India with over 15 years of teaching experience in reputed engineering colleges. She is a pioneer researcher in the areas of automation theory, machine learning, deep learning, computational intelligence techniques, and the Internet of Things. She has published papers in leading international journals and conferences and published books and book chapters for several renowned publishing houses. She is an active member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Association for Computing Machinery and holds an International Society for Technology in Education and International Association of Engineers lifetime membership. Malathy Sathyamoorthy is an assistant professor in the department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. She is a life member of the Indian Society for Technical Education and International Association of Engineers. She has also published over 20 research papers in various journals, 15 papers in international conferences, two patents, and four book chapters. Her areas of interest include wireless sensor networks, networking, security, and machine learning. Ali Kashif Bashir, PhD, is a reader of Networks and Security at the Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom. He is also affiliated with the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, and University of Guelph, Canada. He is managing several research and industrial projects and reviews funding proposals for the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK, Commonwealth, UK, National Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada, Mitacs, Canada, the Irish Research Council, and Qatar National Research Fund. He has delivered more than 30 talks across the globe, organized over 40 guest editorials, and chaired more than 35 conferences and workshops.

Preface xxi

1 Computer Vision-Based Innovations for Smart Agriculture and Crop Surveillance: Evolution, Trends, and Future Challenges 1
M. Nalini and B. Yoga Bhuvaneswari

2 Cyber Biosecurity Solutions for Protecting Smart Agriculture and Precision Farming 25
Balakesava Reddy Parvathala and Srinivas Kolli

3 Precision Smart Farming and Cultivation with Virtual Reality/ Augmented Reality Technology - Applications and Use Cases 57
Himani Sharma, Atin Kumar and Rohit Kumar

4 Stereo Vision Subsystem and Scene Segmentation Self-Steering Tractors in Smart Agriculture 71
Dileep Pulugu, Revathy Pulugu, K. Muthumanickam, S. Gopinath and A. Manikandan

5 Vision-Based Image Classification and Image Segmentation Algorithms for Plant Disease Diagnostics 93
N. Ashokkumar, A. Manikandan, S. Hariprasath and P. Vijayalakshmi

6 Smart Dust Technology for Monitoring and Control Systems in Smart Agriculture and Crop Surveillance Systems 123
M. Yogeshwari and A. Prasanth

7 An Advanced Application of UAV – Drone Technologies in Precision Agriculture for Seed Dropping, Fertilizers and Pesticides Spraying and Field Monitoring 139
Daniel Lawrence I., A. Rehash Rushmi Pavitra, Ragupathy Karu and M.P. Saravanan

8 Cognitive Intelligence and Distributed Computing Systems Applications in Smart Farming 159
Sangeetha Radhakrishnan and A. Prasanth

9 Blockchain-Based Smart Agriculture with the Internet of Things: A Revolutionary Approach in Agriculture and Food Supply Chain 187
Vasanth R. and Pandian A.

10 Computer Vision Systems in Livestock Farming, Poultry Farming, and Fish Farming: Applications, Use Cases, and Research Directions 221
Balasubramaniam S., Vijesh Joe C., A. Prasanth and K. Satheesh Kumar

11 Forestry Management with AI and Drone Technology – Digital Forestry 259
M. Shanthalakshmi, M. Jeevasree, R. Kavitha, V. Madhumathi, S. Mythreye and A. Naafiah Yusra

12 Drone Application and Use Cases in Smart Agriculture and Crop Surveillance: Future Research Directions 283
Nilotpal Das, Atin Kumar and Rohit Kumar

13 A Comprehensive Study on Machine Vision Techniques for an Automatic Weeding Strategy in Plantations 303
Manikandan J., Rhikshitha K., Sathya Sudarsen G. S. and Saran J. U.

14 An Effective Study on the Machine Vision-Based Automatic Control and Monitoring in Furrow Irrigation and Precision Irrigation 323
Manikandan J., Saran J. U., Samitha S. and Rhikshitha K.

15 Applications in Agriculture for Assessing and Monitoring Soil Using Smart Sensing and Edge Computing 343
G. Padmapriya, V. Vennila, Prithi Samuel, Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj, Balamurugan Balusamy and Malathy Sathyamoorthy

Index 367