Developing the Athlete

William J. Kraemer, PhD, CSCS,*D, FNSCA, FACSM, acts as the senior advisor for sport performance and sport sciences at The Ohio State University and is a member of the performance innovation team for the university’s department of athletics. Although retired as a full professor, he still works as an adjunct professor as a research scientist in the department of human sciences at The Ohio State University, continuing his research and writing. He is a professor emeritus in the department of kinesiology at the University of Connecticut and holds an adjunct professorship in the school of medical and health sciences at Edith Cowan University in Perth, Australia. He has held full professorships at Pennsylvania State University, Ball State University, and the University of Connecticut as well as appointments at their medical schools. In 2016, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Jyvaskyla in Finland for the worldwide impact of his research. Dr. Kraemer has published 12 books and over 500 peer-reviewed papers in the scientific literature and a multitude of other educational publications. He is a fellow in several organizations, including the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA), International Society of Sports Nutrition (SSN), and American Nutrition Association (ANA), and he is a member of the American Physiological Society. He is a past president of the NSCA and has served on the board of trustees for the ACSM and has been a chapter president and honor award winner. Dr. Kraemer has received many other awards, including the NSCA’s Lifetime Achievement Award, and the Outstanding Sport Scientist award was named in his honor in 2006. He was ranked as the top sport scientist in the world for over two decades. The University of Jyvaskyla’s University Medal was awarded to him in 2009 as the first non-Finnish recipient of this award. In 2020, he was honored with one of the highest awards by the ACSM: the Citation Award. Nicholas A. Ratamess, PhD, CSCS,*D, FNSCA, is a professor in the department of kinesiology and health sciences at The College of New Jersey. His major research interest is examining physiological responses and adaptations to strength training and conditioning and sports supplementation. Dr. Ratamess has authored or coauthored more than 205 scientific investigations, educational articles, review papers, chapters, and books. He is currently the editor in chief of the NSCA’s Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. He also coauthored four position stands from the ACSM and the NSCA regarding progression models in resistance training and anabolic androgenic steroids and growth hormone use in athletes. Dr. Ratamess is a certified strength and conditioning specialist with distinction (CSCS,*D) and a fellow of the NSCA. Thomas H. Newman, MS, CSCS, is a seasoned professional in human performance who currently holds the role of lead performance specialist at the Center for Sports Performance Research at Mass General Brigham Hospital. Having accumulated 15 years of valuable experience across both the private and college sectors, Newman brings a deep understanding and practical knowledge to his role. His academic background includes a BA from the University of Rhode Island and an MS from the University of Southern Connecticut, equipping him with a robust theoretical foundation. Newman's professional journey led him to Yale University, where he was named the first-ever director of sports performance and innovation. There, he oversaw all 32 varsity programs, leading the teams to unprecedented success, both on and off the field. Before his tenure at Yale, Newman exhibited his entrepreneurial prowess as the CEO of Athletic Standard, a tech startup with the mission of developing a global digital platform for athlete development and talent identification. Recognized by the NSCA with the certified strength and conditioning specialist (CSCS) credential, Newman's commitment to his field is evident. His combination of academic knowledge, hands-on experience, and entrepreneurial spirit positions him as a respected figure in human performance.

Chapter 1. Developing the Human Machine
Factors Influencing Player Development and Performance
Alignment in the Player Development Program
Factors Affecting Sport Performance
The Developmental Pathways
Development of the Athlete From Youth to Adulthood

Chapter 2. Player Profiles, Sport Matching, and the Player Development Team
Program Alignment
The Player Development Team Model
Units in the Player Development Team
Level of Competition
Determining Sport Demands
Impact of Athlete to Sport to Position Matching

Chapter 3. Testing and Assessments in Player Development
Setting the Standards for Testing and Assessments
Preparing for the Testing Sessions
Testing Protocols
Testing Organization
Choice of Tests for the Player Composite
Development of the Player Composite
Testing Athletes

Chapter 4. Understanding the Workout Stimuli: Impact on the Athlete Composite
Size Principle—Understanding Is Crucial to Practice
The Exercise Stimuli Create an Exercise Drug
Safety for the Athlete Is Priority One
The Stimulus-Response-Adaptation Cycle
Program Variables in Training Program Design
Variation in Training Programs Mediating Recovery and Performance
Flexible Nonlinear Periodization
Defaults in Nonlinear Periodization Models
Time Lines for the Adaptive Progress
The Acute Exercise Response
Chronic Training Adaptations

Chapter 5. Monitoring and Accounting in Player Development
The Importance of Proper Monitoring
Skill Sets Needed
Responsibilities of the Athlete
Decisions on What Data Need to Be Entered
Data Input and Quality Entry
Reports to Coaches and Athletes

Chapter 6. Interpreting and Evaluating Testing Results of the Athlete Composite
Roles of Player Development Team
Sources of Knowledge
Understanding Context of Training Step and Target Goals
Organizing the Database
Looking to Analyze the Data
Interpreting the Results

Chapter 7. Training and Recovery Approaches in Player Development
Importance of Individualization
Training Program Variation
Understanding the Exercise Stimuli Variables in Workout Design
Rest and Recovery
Sleep
Effective Interventions for Enhancing Recovery
Popular Recovery Technologies
Training Approaches for Different Elements in Player Development
Methods of Program Variation

Chapter 8. Looking Back and Ahead at the Road for Player Development
The Conceptual Model of Player Development
Historical Models Can Provide Object Lessons for Implementation
Academic and Research Influences
Influence of the Strength and Conditioning Coach
Player Development Models in the United States
Sport Analytics and Technology: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Historically Proven Programs to Fit Any Paradigm
Future Challenges for Strength and Conditioning and Sport Performance Professionals
Flexible Nonlinear Programming—Another Historical Look
The Post-Competitive Career