Handbook of Agricultural Biotechnology, Volume 3

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Edo University Iyamho, in Edo State, Nigeria. Currently, he is the Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer and Chairman of the Committee on Research Grants at EUI. He has won several scientific awards and grants from renowned academic bodies such as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India. He has published more than 600 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals as well as more than 50 books, 340 book chapters, and many scientific patents. Julius Kola Oloke, PhD, is a Professor and Vice Chancellor in the Department of Pure and Applied Biology at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. He has a PhD in microbiology from Obafemi Awolowo University in 1989. Professor Oloke was conferred with the National Productivity Order of Merit Award by the Federal Government of Nigeria in August 2012, for his work on formulating an immune modulating agent known as Trinity Immuno-booster (Trino IB) which has been used in many countries.

Preface xiii

1 Introduction to Nanobiofungicides 1
Frank Abimbola Ogundolie and Michael O. Okpara

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Mechanism of Action of Nanobiofungicides 2

2 Relevance of Nanobiofungicides in the Prevention of Abiotic Stress 11
Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Yvonne Dike, Chima James Rufus, Esther Eniola, Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Emmanuel Ochoche Shaibu and Beckley Ikhajiagbe

2.1 Introduction 12

2.2 Fungicides 16

2.3 Biofungicides 22

2.4 Nanoparticles as Applied to Biofungicides 27

2.5 Conclusion 34

3 Management of Mycotoxins 39
Ogundolie Frank Abimbola, Akande Olamide Abigael, Manjia Jacqueline Njikam, Ayilara Modupe Stella and Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun

3.1 Introduction 40

3.2 Effect of Mycotoxin Contamination on Fish 46

3.3 Effect of Mycotoxin Contamination on Edible Insects 46

3.4 Management of Mycotoxins 47

3.5 Physical Methods 47

3.6 Chemical Methods 48

3.7 Biological Methods 49

3.8 Recent Methods for Detection and Management of Mycotoxins 49

3.9 Conclusion 50

4 Nanobiofungicides Derived from Beneficial Plants 59
Ojo, S.K.S., Oluwole, B.R., Ojo, A.M., Otugboyega, J.O. and Ayo, I.O.

4.1 Introduction 59

4.2 Various Types of Nanoparticles Used as Biofungicides 61

4.3 Forms of Nanomaterials 63

4.4 Advantages of Biofungicides on Chemically Synthesized Fungicides 70

4.5 Mode of Action of Nanobiofungicides 71

4.6 Conclusion 72

5 Characterization of Plant-Based Nanobiofungicides 81
Abel Inobeme, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, John Tsado Mathew, Alexander Ikechukwu Ajai and Jacob John Olusanya

5.1 Introduction 82

5.2 The Role of Plant-Based Nanofungicides in the Management of Plant Diseases 83

5.3 General Physicochemical Properties of Nanofungicides 84

5.4 Recent Studies on Characterization of Plant-Based Nanobiofungicides Using Various Instrumental Techniques 84

5.5 Characterization Techniques for Nanofungicide and Their Principles 89

5.6 Conclusion 93

6 Relevance of Nanofungicides on the Social and its Bioeconomy Perspectives in Attaining Sustainable Development Goals 99
Abere Benjamin Olusola and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

6.1 Introduction 100

6.2 Fungi as Efficient Mycosystems 104

6.3 Literature Review 105

6.4 Nanofungicides’ Influence on the Establishment of Sustainable Development Goals 108

6.5 Conclusion 109

7 Biological Control of Stored Product Pest and Pathogens Using Nanobiofungicides 115
Kehinde Abraham Odelade, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Peace Abiodun Olajide, Taofiqat Oludolapo Olaniyan, Dorcas Adebambo Odelade, Goodness Oluchukwu Jonah, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

7.1 Introduction 116

7.2 Biopesticides 117

7.3 Nanotechnology 118

7.4 Nanoparticles and Pathogenesis: A Step in Advance Plant Disease Surveillance and Control 120

7.5 Penetration, Transport, and Mechanism of Action of Nanoparticles 120

7.6 Metal Nanoparticles Used in Plant Pathology 121

7.7 Regulatory Laws and Commercial NPs Goods 123

7.8 The Use of NPs as a Means of Achieving the SD2030 Goal of Sustainable Agriculture 123

7.9 Insecticides Based on Nanomaterials 124

7.10 Agriculture and Nanomaterials 125

7.11 Nanopesticide 125

7.12 Nanotechnology’s Potential Applications in the Pesticides Industry 126

7.13 Exposure to Nanotechnology-Based Pesticides (NBPs) Requires Special Attention 127

7.14 Pesticides Using Nanoscale Materials are Regulated by the EPA 127

7.15 Future Expectations 128

7.16 Conclusion 128

8 Next-Generation Bionanofungicides Against Agricultural Pathogens 135
Y.M.S.M. Yapa and Jayani J. Wewalwela

8.1 Introduction 136

8.2 Pathogens: Soil-Borne and Root-Borne Plant Pathogens 137

8.3 Types of Botanicals Used as Biofungicides 138

8.4 Past and Current Scenario of Bionanofungicides 146

8.5 Future Prospects 147

8.6 Conclusion 147

9 Eleusine indica: Nanofungicidal and Other Biological Activities 153
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Daniel Ingo Hefft, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Maksim Rebezov, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Gulmira Baibalinova, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Temidayo Oluyomi Elufisan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu

9.1 Introduction 154

9.2 The Role of Eleusine indica in Nanobiotechnology 156

9.3 Fungicidal Activity of Eleusine indica 157

9.4 Bioactivity of Eleusine indica 157

9.5 Other Biological Effects of Eleusine indica 159

9.6 Eleusine indica: Hypogycemic, Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, and Antimicrobial Effects 164

10 Nanofungicidal and Other Activities of Cyclopiagenistoides 171
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Daniel Ingo Hefft, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Maksim Rebezov, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Nikolai Maksimiuk, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Temidayo Oluyomi Elufisan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu

10.1 Introduction 172

10.2 Fungicidal Activities of Cyclopiagenistoides 173

10.3 The Role of Cyclopiagenistoides-Synthesized Flavonoids in Nanotechnology 174

10.4 Bioactivity 176

10.5 Hypogycemic, Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, and Anti-Ulcer Effects 181

11 Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai: Nanofungicidal and Other Biological Activities 187
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Odoh Uchenna Estella, Osarenkhoe O. Osemwegie, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara, Maksim Rebezov,Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Galiya Ibadullayeva, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Ugwu Patience N., Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu

11.1 Introduction 188

11.2 Brief Description of Citrullus lanatus 189

11.3 Antifungal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Produced from Citrullus lanatus 190

11.4 Antifungal Activity of Citrullus lanatus 191

11.5 Citrullus lanatus as an Antibacteria 192

11.6 Citrullus lanatus as an Antivirus 194

11.7 Citrullus lanatus as an Antipyretic Agent 195

11.8 Cardiovascular Effects of Citrullus lanatus 196

11.9 Effect of Citrullus lanatus on the Nervous System 197

11.10 Anticancer Effects of Citrullus Lanatus 198

11.11 Lycopene Antioxidant Effects of Citrullus lanatus 198

11.12 Apoptotic Effects of Lycopene 199

11.13 Cell Cycle Arrest 199

11.14 Lycopene and Signaling Pathway 200

11.15 Metastasis 200

11.16 Anti-Diabetic Activity of Citrullus lanatus 201

11.17 Anti-Ulcer Effects of Citrullus lanatus 202

11.18 Hypoglycemic, Hypolipid, and Hepatoprotective Effects 203

11.19 Diuretic and Anti-Urolithiatic Activities 205

References 205

Index 215