Work-Life Balance in Construction (eBook)

Contents 6
Abbreviations 10
List of Figures 11
List of Tables 13
1 Introduction 17
Abstract 17
1.1 Background 17
1.2 Research Problem 18
1.3 Research Aim and Objectives 19
1.4 Research Hypotheses 19
1.5 Research Scope 19
1.6 Structure of Book 19
References 21
2 Work–Life Balance and Work–Life Interface 22
Abstract 22
2.1 Overview of the Chapter 22
2.2 Work–Life Balance 22
2.3 Work and Life Interrelationship 24
2.4 Work–Life Interface 24
2.4.1 Spillover and Compensation 25
2.4.2 Boundary Theory 25
2.4.3 Segmentation-Integration 26
2.4.3.1 Permeability-Flexibility 27
2.4.4 Work–Life Conflict 28
2.4.5 Work–Life Enrichment 29
2.5 Summary 30
References 30
3 Constructing the Conceptual Framework 33
Abstract 33
3.1 Background in Constructing the Conceptual Framework 33
3.2 List of Indicators in the Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses 35
3.2.1 Demands and Resources 35
3.2.1.1 Within-Domain Demands and Resources 35
3.2.1.2 Boundary-Spanning Demands and Resources 36
3.2.2 Proposed Measures 38
3.2.3 Work–Life Conflict and Work–Life Enrichment 39
3.2.4 Coping Strategies 39
3.2.5 Work–Life Balance 40
3.2.6 Outcomes of Work–Life Balance 41
3.3 Summary 41
References 41
4 Singapore and South Korea Context 43
Abstract 43
4.1 Overview of Chapter 43
4.2 Reasons for Comparing Singapore with South Korea 43
4.3 Overview of Singapore and South Korea Society 44
4.4 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions on Singapore and South Korea 46
4.4.1 Power Distance 46
4.4.2 Individualism Versus Collectivism 47
4.4.3 Masculinity Versus Femininity 47
4.4.4 Uncertainty Avoidance 47
4.4.5 Long Term Orientation 48
4.4.6 Indulgence Versus Restraint 48
4.5 Overview of the Construction Industry 49
4.5.1 Singapore’s Context 49
4.5.2 South Korea’s Context 52
4.6 Millennials 53
4.7 Summary 56
References 56
5 Research Design and Methodology 59
Abstract 59
5.1 Overview of Chapter 59
5.2 Research Design 59
5.3 Data Collection Methods 61
5.3.1 Survey Questionnaire 61
5.3.2 Survey Design 62
5.3.2.1 Work-Life Balance Assessment 62
5.3.2.2 Work–Life Balance Indicator 74
5.3.2.3 Work–Life Balance Outcomes 75
5.3.3 Interviews 76
5.4 Data Analysis Methodology 77
5.4.1 Descriptive Statistics 78
5.4.2 Inferential Statistics 79
5.5 Summary 80
References 80
6 Research Findings and Analysis 82
Abstract 82
6.1 Overview of Chapter 82
6.2 Survey Response and Demographics 82
6.3 Descriptive Statistics 83
6.4 Assessment of the Overall Ranked Mean Scores for Singapore 90
6.4.1 Assessment of the Top 5 Overall Mean Scores for Singapore 90
6.4.2 Assessment of the Bottom 5 Overall Mean Scores for Singapore 94
6.5 Assessment of the Overall Ranked Mean Scores for South Korea 96
6.5.1 Assessment of the Top 5 Overall Mean Scores for South Korea 97
6.5.2 Assessment of the Bottom 5 Overall Mean Scores for South Korea 99
6.6 Assessment of the Mean Differences Between Singapore and South Korea 101
6.7 Assessment of the Work–Life Balance Assessment Between Singapore and South Korea 101
6.7.1 Assessment of the Top 5 Items in Work–Life Balance Assessment 102
6.7.2 Assessment of the Bottom 5 Items in Work–Life Balance Assessment 107
6.8 Assessment of the Work–Life Balance Indicator Between Singapore and South Korea 110
6.8.1 Assessment of the Items in Work–Life Balance Indicator 111
6.9 Assessment of the Work–Life Balance Outcomes Between Singapore and South Korea 114
6.9.1 Assessment of the Top 3 Items in Work–Life Balance Outcomes 115
6.9.2 Assessment of the Bottom 3 Items in Work–Life Balance Outcomes 117
6.10 Inferential Statistics 119
6.11 Assessment of Reflective Measurement Model on Singapore Data 124
6.11.1 Assessing the Statistical Criterion of Reflective Measurement Model Before Deletion 124
6.11.2 Assessing the Statistical Criterion of Reflective Measurement Model After Deletion 128
6.12 Assessment of Reflective Measurement Model on South Korea Data 137
6.12.1 Assessing the Statistical Criterion of Reflective Measurement Model Before Deletion 137
6.12.2 Assessing the Statistical Criterion of Reflective Measurement Model After Deletion 140
6.13 Assessment of Structural Model on Singapore Data 147
6.14 Assessment of Structural Model on South Korea Data 157
6.15 Overall Summary of the Inferential Statistics for Singapore and South Korea Result 164
6.16 Summary of Results and Findings 169
6.16.1 Overview 169
6.16.2 Discussions of Results and Interview Findings for Singapore 169
6.16.3 Discussions of Results and Interview Findings for South Korea 176
6.17 Summary of the Results from Singapore and South Korea 181
References 183
7 Conclusion 185
Abstract 185
7.1 Theoretical Implications 185
7.2 Practical Implications 186
7.3 Strengths and Limitations 187
7.4 Recommendations for Further Study 188
References 189
Appendix A Average Weekly Total Paid Hours Worked Per Employee by Industry 190
Appendix B Average Weekly Paid Overtime Hours Worked Per Employee by Industry 192
Appendix C Age Pyramid of the Resident Population in 2005 and 2015 194
Appendix D Survey on Wage and Working Hours by Industry 195
Appendix E Survey Questionnaire in English Version 196
Appendix F Survey Questionnaire in Korean Version 204
Appendix G Verbatim Report 1 214
Appendix H Verbatim Report 2 217
Appendix I Verbatim Report 3 220
Appendix J Verbatim Report 4 223