Drainage

Robert Kavanagh currently holds the position of Training Co-ordinator at the Plumbing Industry Association of South Australia. Robert has been a VET plumbing teacher since 1987 and is a qualified Master Plumber with a lifetime of plumbing experience, having entered the industry at the age of 17. Roberts qualifications include the Advanced Certificate in Plumbing, a Bachelor of Teaching in Adult Education, Certificate IV in Workplace Education and Certificate IV in Training & Assessment. He was responsible for introducing a Certificate I in Plumbing to high schools throughout Adelaide in partnership with the Department of Education, Training and Employment (DETE). Rob is also the author of Basic Skills in the Plumbing Services Series. Apart from his extensive plumbing experience, Robert has also been teaching sailing for many years at North Haven in South Australia. After many years of sailing and study he gained his Master V Certificate in Maritime, which allowed him to gain a position as Second Officer on the Sailing Ship the One and All, sailing in Australian waters.

ContentsPreface vAcknowledgements vAbout the authors viE-student/E-instructor viiLearning objectives viiiPART 1 INTRODUCTION TODRAINAGE1 The history of sanitation 2Introduction 2A brief history of sanitation 2The progressive image ofsewerage systems 3A focus on Sydney 3Plumbing regulators 4Sustainable plumbing: The pushtoward sustainability 42 The principles of sewage treatment 5Introduction 5How the sewerage system works 5Types of sewage treatment plants 5Treatment plant locations 8Sustainable sewage practices 9Sustainable plumbing:Blackwater re-use 9Sustainable plumbing: Reticulatedrecycled water 10On-site stories 2.1 11PART 2 DRAINAGE3 Excavation and levelling 14Introduction 14Trench excavation and safety 14Sustainable plumbing: Protecting theenvironment during excavation work 19Groundwater control 20Levelling 22Types of level and equipment 23Applications of levelling 28Excavation control 34On-site stories 3.1 394 Drains: requirements,responsibilities and materials 40Introduction 40Administrative requirements 40Common materials for drains 42Other drainage materials 47Sustainable plumbing: Sourcing yourmaterials in a sustainable way 49On-site stories 4.1 505 Drains and drainlaying 51Introduction 51Drainage traps (includingtrade waste treatment) 51Drainlaying principles 61Drainlaying 68Sustainable plumbing: Usingrecycled materials 69Drainlaying practices 69Sustainable plumbing: Recyclingand re-use 75On-site stories 5.1 76iii