Cells in Evolutionary Biology

Brian K. Hall, University Research Professor Emeritus at Dalhousie University, was trained in Australia as an experimental embryologist. His research concentrated on the differentiation of skeletal tissues, especially, how epithelial-mesenchymal signaling initiates osteogenesis and chondrogenesis through the formation of cellular condensations. These studies led him to earlier stages of development and the origin and function of skeletogenic neural crest cells. Comparative studies, using embryos from all five classes of vertebrates provided a strong evolutionary component to his research. These studies, along with analyses of the developmental basis of homology, played significant roles in the establishing of evolutionary developmental biology. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Foreign Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Science, and recipient of a Killam Prize. He was one of eight individuals awarded the first Kovalevsky Medals in 2000 to recognize the most distinguished scientists of the twentieth century in comparative zoology and evolutionary embryology.

Sally A. Moody, Professor and Chair of the Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology at George Washington University, received her PhD in Neuroscience during which she studied motor axon guidance cues in the trigeminal system of the chick embryo. Throughout her career, she has continued her interest in understanding the mechanisms of axon guidance, studying the role of lineage factors in Xenopus, extracellular matrix proteins in chick, and genetic mutations in mouse. As a postdoctoral fellow, Sally was introduced to Xenopus embryos, which has remained a favorite. She made extensive fate maps of cleavage stage Xenopus embryos, identified maternal mRNAs that contribute to neural fate, elucidated proteomic and metabolomic changes that occur within specific lineages during cleavage, and demonstrated lineage influences on the determination of amacrine cell fate in the retina. Currently, her laboratory is studying the gene regulatory network that stabilizes neural fate downstream of neural induction, and identifying novel factors that are required for cranial sensory placode development. Dr. Moody has served on several editorial boards in the fields of neuroscience and developmental biology, on the board of directors of several societies focused on developmental processes, and edited the books: Cell Fate and Lineage Determination and Principles in Developmental Genetics.

The Role of Cells and Cell Theory in Evolutionary Thought, ca. 1840-1872
Andrew Reynolds


Germ Cells and Somatic Cells in Evolutionary Biology: August Weismann's Germ Plasm Theory
Ariane Droesher


Cell Lineages in Ontogeny and Phylogeny from 1900
Jane Maienschein


Protists and Multiple Routes to the Evolution of Multicellularity
Vidyanand Nanjundiah, Inaki Ruiz-Trillo, and David Kirk


Symbiosis in Eukaryotic Cell Evolution: Genomic Consequences and Changing Classification
Shinichiro Maruyama and Eunsoo Kim


Cellular Control of Time, Size, and Shape in Development and Evolution
Richard A. Schneider


Cellular Basis of Evolution in Animals: An Evo-Devo Perspective
R. Craig Albertson


Dynamical Patterning Modules Link Genotypes to Morphological Phenotypes in Multicellular Evolution
Stuart A. Newman and Karl J. Niklas