Infectious Disease in Aquaculture

Brian Austin is the Director of the Institute of Aquaculture and Professor of Microbiology at the University of Stirling. He is internationally-known for his research on infectious disease in aquaculture.

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Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition

Preface

Part I: Immune responses in fish and shellfish and their implications for disease control

Chapter 1: The innate and adaptive immune system of fish

Abstract:

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Overview of immune cells and organs in fish

1.3 Fish innate immune response

1.4 An overview of the adaptive immune response in fish

1.5 Immune regulation: the cytokine network in fish

1.6 Conclusions

Chapter 2: Crustacean immune responses and their implications for disease control

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Cellular defence

2.3 Hematopoiesis

2.4 Defence against viruses

2.5 Pattern recognition in crustaceans

2.6 The prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascade

2.7 Coagulation

2.8 Antimicrobial proteins

2.9 Future trends and conclusions

Chapter 3: Immune responses in molluscs and their implications for disease control

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The molluscan immune system

3.3 Disease control in bivalves

3.4 Conclusions

3.5 Acknowledgements

Chapter 4: Stress and resistance to infectious diseases in fish

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction: disease is not just the presence of pathogens

4.2 Fish immune and stress responses

4.3 Individual variability and population level effects

4.4 Conclusions

Part II: Advances in disease diagnostics, veterinary drugs and vaccines

Chapter 5: Advances in diagnostic methods for mollusc, crustacean and finfish diseases

Abstract:

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Mollusc disease diagnostic methods

5.3 Crustacean disease diagnostic methods

5.4 Finfish disease diagnostic methods

5.5 Future trends

Chapter 6: Quality assurance in aquatic disease diagnostics

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The importance of valid and reliable aquatic disease diagnosis and the role of quality assurance systems

6.3 Sampling submission and handling for aquatic disease diagnosis

6.4 The importance of assay performance in aquatic disease diagnosis

6.5 Validation of quality assurance systems for aquatic diagnostic facilities

6.6 Interpreting and reporting results under a quality assurance system

6.7 Accreditation and auditing of disease diagnostic laboratories

6.8 Conclusions

Chapter 7: Antibiotics in aquaculture: reducing their use and maintaining their efficacy

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The epidemiology and aetiology of bacterial diseases in aquatic animals

7.3 The use of antibiotics in aquaculture

7.4 Efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in aquaculture

7.5 Laboratory detection of clinical resistance

7.6 The Clinical and Laboratory Science Institute (CLSI) approach to susceptibility testing in aquaculture

7.7 Questions concerning the CLSI approach

7.8 Future trends: the way forward for susceptibility testing

7.9 Conclusions

7.10 Acknowledgements

Chapter 8: Considerations for the use of anti-parasitic drugs in aquaculture

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Factors in successful treatment with anti-parasitic drugs

8.3 Trigger points for treatment with anti-parasitic drugs in aquaculture

8.4 Future trends

Chapter 9: Developments in vaccination against fish bacterial disease

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Methods of administration of vaccines for fish

9.3 Determination of effectiveness of the vaccines

9.4 Vaccine composition

9.5 Mode of action of vaccines

9.6 Conclusions

Chapter 10: Developments in adjuvants for fish vaccines

Abstract:

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Fish immune responses: implications for the development of vaccines and adjuvants

10.3 Oil-adjuvanted fish vaccines

10.4 Vaccines adjuvanted with substances other than oil

10.5 Future trends and conclusions

10.6 Acknowledgements

Part III: Development of specific pathogen-free populations and novel approaches for disease control

Chapter 11: Development of specific pathogen-free (SPF) shrimp stocks and their application to sustainable shrimp farming

Abstract:

11.1 Introduction

11.2 A historical perspective on the concept of domesticated specific pathogen-free (SPF) shrimp

11.3 The development of Litopenaeus vannamei as the dominant species in the Americas

11.4 The adaptation of the specific pathogen-free (SPF) concept to domesticated shrimp stocks

11.5 Maintenance of specific pathogen-free (SPF) status: disease surveillance and control programs

11.6 Conclusions

11.7 Acknowledgements

Chapter 12: The role of risk analysis in the development of biosecurity programmes for the maintenance of specific pathogen-free populations

Abstract:

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Aquaculture disease risk analysis

12.3 Application of risk analysis to surveillance and biosecurity strategies

12.4 Constraints and future trends

12.5 Conclusions

Chapter 13: Developments in genomics relevant to disease control in aquaculture

Abstract:

13.1 Introduction

13.2 The genomics toolbox in comparative immunology

13.3 Genomics in finfish disease control

13.4 Genomics in shellfish and crustacean disease control

13.5 Future trends

Chapter 14: Bacteria and bacteriophages as biological agents for disease control in aquaculture

Abstract:

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Isolation of bacteria for biocontrol

14.3 Antagonistic activity of bacterial agents

14.4 Colonization and persistence within the host

14.5 Considerations for the design of pathogen challenge tests

14.6 Safety of bacterial biocontrol agents and perspectives on future development

14.7 Biocontrol using bacteriophages

14.8 Strengths and challenges to phage biocontrol

14.9 Future trends

Chapter 15: Managing the microbiota in aquaculture systems for disease prevention and control

Abstract:

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Control strategies against diseases

15.3 The microbial maturation concept

15.4 Manipulating type and number of bacteria: probiotics and prebiotics

15.5 Managing bacterial activity by means of quorum sensing (QS)

15.6 Host–microbe interactions affecting host health in aquaculture: the need for knowledge

15.7 Conclusions

15.8 Acknowledgements

Chapter 16: Natural antimicrobial compounds for use in aquaculture

Abstract:

16.1 Introduction: microbial diseases in aquaculture

16.2 Current problems in microbial disease control

16.3 Public health and ethical issues relating to the use of antibiotics for disease control in aquaculture

16.4 Alternative antimicrobial compounds

16.5 Origin of alternative antimicrobials

16.6 Plant antimicrobials

16.7 Possible mode of action of herbal antimicrobials

16.8 Routes of administration of antimicrobial herbal extracts to fish and shrimps

16.9 Conclusions

Chapter 17: The potential for antimicrobial peptides to improve fish health in aquaculture

Abstract:

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Strategies for preventing disease in fish

17.3 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)

17.4 The potential role of antimicrobial peptides in preventing and treating fish diseases

17.5 Future trends and conclusions

17.6 Acknowledgements

Chapter 18: Advances in non-chemical methods for parasite prevention and control in fish

Abstract:

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Principles of disease management without chemicals

18.3 Preventative measures

18.4 Disease management

18.5 Interventions for parasite prevention and control in fish

18.6 Conclusions

Index