Equine Neurology

Martin Furr, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM, is Adelaide Riggs Chair of Internal Medicine, Chief of Medicine, and Professor of Medicine at the Marion duPont Scott Equine Medicine Center, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.

Stephen Reed, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM, is former Professor and Head of Equine Medicine and Surgery at the Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA and is currently affiliated with Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.

Notes on contributors vii Preface ix

About the companion website x

Section 1: Foundations of Clinical Neurology

1 Overview of neuroanatomy 3 Caroline Hahn and Jerry Masty

2 Cerebrospinal fluid and the blood brain barrier 21 Martin Furr

3 Immunology of the central nervous system 36 Martin Furr

4 Pharmaceutical considerations for treatment of central nervous system disease 46 Veronique A. Lacombe and Martin Furr

5 Fundamental neurophysiology 58 Craig Johnson and Caroline Hahn

Section 2: Clinical Equine Neurology

6 Examination of the nervous system 67 Martin Furr and Stephen Reed

7 Differential diagnosis and management of horses with seizures or alterations in consciousness 79 Veronique A. Lacombe and Martin Furr

8 Differential diagnosis of equine spinal ataxia 93 Martin Furr

9 Differential diagnosis and management of cranial nerve abnormalities 99 Robert J. MacKay

10 Sleep and sleep disorders in horses 123 Joseph J. Bertone

11 Headshaking 130 Monica Aleman and Kirstie Pickles

12 Differential diagnosis of urinary incontinence and cauda equina syndrome 139 Melissa Hines

13 Differential diagnosis of muscle tremor and paresis 149 Amy L. Johnson

14 Electrodiagnostic evaluation of the nervous system 157 George M. Strain and Frank Andrews

15 Anesthetic considerations for horses with neurologic disorders 184 Adriana G. Silva

16 The basics of equine neuropathology 191 Fabio Del Piero and John L. Robertson

17 Diagnostic imaging of the equine nervous system 215 Katherine Garrett

Section 3: Specific Disease Syndromes

18 Equine herpesvirus ]associated myeloencephalopathy 225 Lutz S. Goehring

19 Mosquito ]borne infections affecting the central nervous system 233 Maureen T. Long

20 Contagious neurological diseases 262 Maureen T. Long

21 Bacterial infections of the central nervous system 273 Martin Furr

22 Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis 285 Martin Furr and Daniel K. Howe

23 Parasitic infections of the central nervous system 306 Martin Furr

24 Miscellaneous infections of the central nervous system 314 Martin Furr

25 Disorders associated with clostridial neurotoxins: Botulism and tetanus 319 Martin Furr

26 Neurodegenerative disorders 328 Robert J. MacKay

27 Equine hepatic encephalopathy 343 Tom Divers

28 Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy 349 Amy L. Johnson and Stephen Reed

29 Electrolyte abnormalities and neurologic dysfunction in horses 368 Ramiro E. Toribio

30 Cervical articular process disease fractures and other axial skeletal disorders 386 Richard Hepburn

31 Congenital malformation of the nervous system 401 Martin Furr

32 Central nervous system trauma 406 Yvette S. Nout ]Lomas

33 Disorders of the peripheral nervous system 429 Martin Furr

34 Equine neurotoxic agents and conditions 437 Martin Furr

35 Neonatal encephalopathy and related conditions 455 Martin Furr

36 Miscellaneous movement disorders 465 Caroline Hahn

37 Stereotypic and behavior disorders 472 Carissa L. Wickens and Katherine A. Houpt

38 Miscellaneous conditions 484 Martin Furr

Index 000