Antarctic Fish Biology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Antarctic Fish Biology: Evolution in a Unique Environment 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 12
Part I: The Antarctic Environment — Present and Past 16
Chapter 1. Physical and Biological Characteristics of the Antarctic Marine Environment 18
I. The Antarctic Continent 18
II. The Marine Environment 22
III. Oceanography of the Southern Ocean 29
Chapter 2. Geologic and Climatic History of Antarctica 32
I. Geological Evolution 32
II. Paleoclimatologie History of Antarctica 35
Chapter 3. The Fossil Fish Faunas 39
I. Introduction and Taxonomy 39
II. Paleozoic Faunas 41
III. Mesozoic Faunas 43
IV. Cenozoic Faunas 46
V. Summary of Fossil Faunas 50
VI. Evolutionary Questions Relating to Fossil Fishes 51
Part II: The Modern Fauna — Biology and Relationships 54
Chapter 4. The Modern Fauna: Zoogeography 56
I. Antarctic Zoogeography 56
II. Habitats Available to Fishes in Coastal and Deep Waters of 
65 
Chapter 5. The Modern Fauna: Taxonomic Composition 70
I. Composition 70
II. Elements of the Fauna 74
Chapter 6. The Modern Fauna: Notothenioids 82
I. General Biology of Notothenioids 82
Chapter 7. Systematic Relationships of Notothenioids 121
I. Morphological Definition and Relationships of the Group 121
II. Contributions of Karyology to the Study of Notothenioid Relationships 132
Chapter 8. Zoogeographic Origins and Evolution of the Modern Fauna 135
I. Physical and Ecological Factors Influencing Faunal Composition in the Southern Ocean 135
II. Hypotheses Pertaining to the Origins and Speciation of the Fauna 140
III. Questions Relating to the Evolution of the Modern Fauna 157
Part III: Organ System Adaptation in Notothenioids 160
Chapter 9. Biochemistry and Metabolism 162
I. Protein, Enzyme, and Membrane Adaptations 163
II. Preferred Metabolic Pathways 165
III. Metabolic Cold Adaptation 167
IV. Seasonal Feeding Rates 170
Chapter 10. Evolutionary Modification of Buoyancy 171
I. General Matters Concerning Buoyancy 171
II. General Adaptations for Neutral Buoyancy 175
III. Neutrally Buoyant Nototheniids and Specific Mechanisms for Attainment of Neutral Buoyancy 179
IV. Lipids and Buoyancy 190
Chapter 11. Antifreeze Glycopeptides 193
I. The Marine Environment, Ice, and Antifreeze 193
II. Conservation of AFGPs—Aglomerularism in Notothenioids 204
III. Phyletic Distribution of AFGPs and Aglomerularism in Notothenioids 211
IV. Plausibility of the Hypothesis of Scott et al. (1986) on the Origins of AFGPs and Notothenioids 215
Chapter 12. Muscular System and Swimming 217
I. Labriform Swimming Cycle 217
II. Distribution of Major Types of Muscle Fibers 220
III. Activity Levels and Buoyancy 229
IV. Swimming and Diversification in Notothenioids 231
Chapter 13. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems 235
I. Environmental Parameters 235
II. Cardiovascular System 236
III. Respiratory System 254
Chapter 14. Nervous System and Special Senses 260
I. The Notothenioid Brain and Spinal Cord 260
II. Organs of Special Sense 270
Chapter 15. Final Remarks and Outlook 291
References 294
Index 330