Introduction to Feeding Farm Livestock (eBook)

Front Cover 1
An Introduction to Feeding Farm Livestock 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface to the Second Edition 8
Preface to the First Edition 10
PART 1: The Animal and its Food 12
CHAPTER 1. Introduction—the functions of food 14
GENERAL 14
THE FUNCTIONS OF FOOD 15
MAINTENANCE AND PRODUCTION 17
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANIMAL AND ITS FOOD 18
CHAPTER 2. 
20 
GENERAL 20
WATER IN THE ANIMAL 20
WATER IN THE FOOD 21
QUESTIONS 22
PRACTICAL 22
CHAPTER 3. 
24 
THE CHEMISTRY OF CARBOHYDRATES 24
QUESTIONS 28
PRACTICAL 29
CHAPTER 4. 
30 
THE CHEMISTRY OF FATS AND OILS 30
QUESTIONS 32
PRACTICAL 33
CHAPTER 5. The constituents of the dry matter:proteins 34
CHEMISTRY OF PROTEIN 34
QUESTIONS 38
PRACTICAL WORK 39
CHAPTER 6. 
40 
MINERALS IN THE PLANT 40
QUESTIONS 44
PRACTICAL WORK 44
CHAPTER 7. The constituents of the dry matter: vitamins 
45 
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 47
QUESTIONS 47
PRACTICAL WORK 48
CHAPTER 8. Digestion and the digestive systems of farm animals 49
COMPARISON OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS IN FARM ANIMALS AND THE PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS (Fig. 1) 54
QUESTIONS 58
PRACTICAL WORK 59
CHAPTER 9. 
60 
I. COARSE FODDERS 61
II. SUCCULENT FEEDS OR ROOTS 63
III. GREEN FODDERS 64
IV. CONCENTRATES 69
QUESTIONS AND PRACTICAL WORK 80
PART II: Rationing Farm Livestock 82
CHAPTER 10. Terms used in animal nutrition 84
DRY MATTER (DM) 84
FEED—AS FED 85
FEEDS, DIETS, AND RATIONS 85
MAINTENANCE AND PRODUCTION 85
ENERGY 86
PROTEIN 89
FEEDING STANDARDS 91
TO SUMMARISE 92
QUESTIONS 92
PRACTICAL 92
CHAPTER 11. 
94 
WINTER FEEDING 94
THE METABOLISABLE ENERGY (ME) SYSTEM 94
APPETITE 99
COMPILING A RATION FOR A LACTATING COW 100
RATIONING FOR THE COMPLETE PRODUCTION CYCLE 104
QUESTIONS 111
CHAPTER 12. Rations for beef cattle 113
APPETITE—DMI 113
ENERGY FOR MAINTENANCE 114
ENERGY FOR PRODUCTION 114
CONCENTRATION OF ENERGY IN THE DIET (M/D) 115
ANIMAL PRODUCTION LEVEL (APL) 116
CALCULATING RATIONS FOR GROWING CATTLE 118
PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS 120
COMPILING RATIONS FOR THE TABLES 121
BARLEY BEEF PRODUCTION 124
A TRADITIONAL FATTENING RATION 125
MINERALS AND VITAMINS 127
QUESTIONS—BEEF RATIONING 127
CHAPTER 13. Rations for sheep 129
FEEDING STANDARDS 130
FEEDS AND PALATABILITY 130
RATIONS FOR EWES AT THE CRITICAL POINTS IN THE BREEDING CYCLE 131
FINISHING HOGGS 139
FEEDING SHEEP IN GENERAL 144
HILL SHEEP 145
QUESTIONS—RATIONING SHEEP 146
CHAPTER 14. 
149 
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 150
CONCENTRATE FEEDS USED IN PIG FEEDING 151
PROPRIETARY COMPOUNDS 152
BASIC PIG DIETS 153
STARTER CREEP 154
STANDARD CREEP/WEANER 154
RATIONS FOR BREEDING STOCK 157
FEED ADDITIVES 158
MINERALS AND VITAMINS 159
PIG FEEDING AND PIG MANAGEMENT 160
QUESTIONS 161
Index 164