List of Abbreviations

Abbreviations used throughout this volume are listed below. Standard abbreviations are not defined in the text. Nonstandard abbreviations are defined in each chapter and listed below for reference purposes.

14-3-3    regulatory protein 14-3-3

βψ    transmembrane potential (mV)

AC    accessory cell

ACE    angiotensin-converting enzyme

ACT    Atlantic Cooperative Telemetry Network

ACTH    adrenocorticotropic hormone

ADP    adenosine diphosphate

AE    anion exchanger

AM    adrenomedullin

Ang    angiotensin

ANP    atrial natriuretic peptide

AQP    aquaporin

ASIC    acid-sensing ion channel

Asn    asparagine

Asp    aspartic acid

AT1    angiotensin II receptor type 1

ATP    adenosine triphosphate

ATU    accumulated thermal unit

AVP    arginine vasopressin

BADH    betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase

BHMT    betaine homocysteine methytransferase

BMPR II    bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II

BNP    B-type natriuretic peptide

BW    brackish water

Ca2+    calcium ion

CA    carbonic anhydrase

cAMP    cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate

CaSR    calcium sensing receptor

CFTR    cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

cGMP    cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CGRP    calcitonin gene-related peptide

ChoDH    choline dehydrogenase

Cl–    chloride ion

ClC    chloride channel

CLR    calcitonin receptor-like receptor

CNP    C-type natriuretic peptide

CO2    carbon dioxide

CON-A    concanavalin-A

COP    colloid osmotic pressure

COX-1,2    cyclooxygenase 1 (spontaneous), 2 (inducible)

CPS    carbamoyl phosphate synthase

CR    corticosteroid receptor

CRF    corticotropin-releasing factor

CRH    corticotropin-releasing hormone

CRHR    corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor

CYP-1a    cytochrome P450 type 1a

DGDH    dimethylglycine dehydrogenase

DOC    11-deoxycorticosterone

DOPAC    3,4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid

E2    17p-estradiol

ECF    extracellular fluid

EGF    epidermal growth factor

ENa,ECl    Nernst equilibrium potential for Na, Cl (mV)

ENaC    epithelial sodium channel

EST    expressed sequence tag

F    Faraday (96.485 coulomb/mole)

FAK    focal adhesion kinase

FW    freshwater

GC-A    particulate guanylyl cyclase A

GDH    glutamate dehydrogenase

GFR    glomerular filtration rate

GH    growth hormone

Ghr    ghrelin

GHR    growth hormone receptor

GLN    guanylin

GLUTase    glutaminase

GnRH    gonadotropin releasing hormone

GR    glucocorticoid receptor

Grail    gene related to anergy in T lymphocytes

GSase    glutamine synthetase

H+    hydrogen ion

HCOi–3    bicarbonate ion

HPA    hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

hpf    hours post-fertilization

HPI    hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal

HSF1    heat shock factor 1

HSP    heat shock protein

IBD    isolation by distance

ICF    intracellular fluid

IGF-I    insulin-like growth factor I

ILCM    interlamellar cell mass

IT    isotocin

JNK    c-Jun N-terminal kinase

KCC    K+/Cl– cotransporter

α-KG    α-ketoglutarate (oxoglutarate)

11KT    11-ketotestosterone

LC50    median lethal concentration

MAPK    mitogen-activated protein kinase

Mg2+    magnesium ion

MLCK    myosin light chain kinase

MR    mineralocorticoid receptor

MRC    mitochondrion-rich cell

mRNA    messenger ribonucleic acid

MYA    million years ago

Na+    sodium ion

NAD+    nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form

NADH    nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form

NADP+    nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized form

NADPH    nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form

NCC    Na+/Cl–cotransporter

NEFA    non-esterified fatty acid

NHE    Na+/H+ exchanger

NHERF1    Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1

NKA    Na+/K+-ATPase

NKCC    Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransporter

NP    natriuretic peptide

NPR-A    natriuretic peptide receptor A

OCLN    occludin

OLGC    Oryzias latipes (medaka)particulate guanylyl cyclase

OSR    stress response kinase

OSTF    osmotic stress factor protein

OTCase    ornithine transcarbamylase

OTN    Ocean Tracking Network

OUC    ornithine urea cycle

OVLT    organum vasculosum laminae terminalis

P    progesterone

PACAP    pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide

Pdiff    diffusional permeability to water

Pi    phosphate ion

PFK    phosphofructokinase

PKA, PKC protein kinase A, C

PLA2    phospholipase A2

PLMPL    phospholemman-like protein

PNA    peanut agglutinin

PO42–    phosphate ion

POMC    pro-opiomelanocortin

Pos    osmotic permeability to water

POST    Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking

PP    protein phosphatase

ppt    parts per thousand

PRL    prolactin

PRLR    prolactin receptor

PrRP    prolactin-releasing peptide

PVC    pavement cell

Q10    temperature coefficient (10°C change)

R    universal gas constant (8.314 Joule Kelvin–1 mole–1)

RAMP    receptor activity-modifying protein

RAS    renin-angiotensin system

RBC    red blood cell

RHP2    rhesus protein 2

RLN    relaxin

RU486    mifepristone

RVD    regulatory volume decrease

RVI    regulatory volume increase

SDH    sarcosine dehydrogenase

SGK    glucocorticoid inducible kinase

SO42–    sulfate ion

SPAK    ste20-proline rich kinase

Sr2+    strontium ion

STST    selective tidal stream transport

SW    seawater

15α-T    15α-hydroxytestosterone

T    temperature (°C)

T3    3,5,3′-triiodothyronine

T4    thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine

TEM    transmission electron microscopy

TEP    transepithelial potential (mV)

TGFβ    transforming growth factor-β

TL    total length TMA trimethylamine

TMAO    trimethylamine oxide

TMNAox    trimethylamine...