Microbial Safety of Fresh Produce (eBook)

Xuetong Fan, PhD, is a Research Food Technologist with the Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit at USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center in Wyndmoor, PA. Brendan A. Niemira, PhD, is the Lead Scientist of the Produce safety Research Project in the Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit at the USDA-ARS Eastern Regional Research Center in Wyndmoor, PA. Christopher J. Doona, PhD, serves as Research Chemist for the Food Safety and Defense Team (FSDT), DoD Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier RD&E Center in Massachusetts carrying out research relating to food stabilization methods, predictive microbial modeling ion foods, novel nonthermal food processing technologies such as high pressure, and controlled chemical heating. Florence E. Feeherry serves as Research Microbiologist for FSDT, DoD Combat Feeding Directorate, NSC in Natick, MA. Robert B. Gravani, PhD, is a Professor of Food Science and Director of the National Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) program at Cornell University.

Contributors xi

Preface xv

Section I. Microbial Contamination of Fresh Produce 3

Chapter 1. Enteric Human Pathogens Associated with Fresh Produce: Sources, Transport, and Ecology 5
Robert E. Mandrell

Chapter 2. The Origin and Spread of Human Pathogens in Fruit Production Systems 43
Susan Bach and Pascal Delaquis

Chapter 3. Internalization of Pathogens in Produce 55
Elliot T. Ryser, Jianjun Hao, and Zhinong Yan

Section II. Preharvest Strategies 81

Chapter 4. Produce Safety in Organic vs. Conventional Crops 83
Francisco Diez-Gonzalez and Avik Mukherjee

Chapter 5. The Role of Good Agricultural Practices in Produce Safety 101
Robert B. Gravani

Chapter 6. Effectively Managing through a Crisis 119
Will Daniels and Michael P. Doyle

Chapter 7. The Role of Water and Water Testing in Produce Safety 129
Charles P. Gerba

Chapter 8. The Role of Manure and Compost in Produce Safety 143
Xiuping Jiang and Marion Shepherd

Section III. Postharvest Interventions 167

Chapter 9. Aqueous Antimicrobial Treatments to Improve Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce Safety 169
Joy Herdt and Hao Feng

Chapter 10. Irradiation Enhances Quality and Microbial Safety of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables 191
Brendan A. Niemira and Xuetong Fan

Chapter 11. Biological Control of Human Pathogens on Produce 205
John Andrew Hudson, Craig Billington, and Lynn McIntyre

Chapter 12. Extension of Shelf Life and Control of Human Pathogens in Produce by Antimicrobial Edible Films and Coatings 225
Tara H. McHugh, Roberto J. Avena-Bustillos, and Wen-Xian Du

Chapter 13. Improving Microbial Safety of Fresh Produce Using Thermal Treatment 241
Xuetong Fan, Bassam A. Annous, and Lihan Huang

Chapter 14. Enhanced Safety and Extended Shelf Life of Fresh Produce for the Military 263
Peter Setlow, Christopher J. Doona, Florence E. Feeherry, Kenneth Kustin, Deborah Sisson, and Shubham Chandra

Section IV. Produce Safety during Processing and Handling 289

Chapter 15. Consumer and Food-Service Handling of Fresh Produce 291
Christine M. Bruhn

Chapter 16. Plant Sanitation and Good Manufacturing Practices for Optimum Food Safety in Fresh-Cut Produce 307
Edith H. Garrett

Chapter 17. Third-Party Audit Programs for the Fresh-Produce Industry 321
Kenneth S. Petersen

Chapter 18. Applications of Immunomagnetic Beads and Biosensors for Pathogen Detection in Produce 331
Shu-I Tu, Joseph Uknalis, Andrew Gehring, and Peter Irwin

Section V. Public, Legal, and Economic Perspectives 349

Chapter 19. Public Response to the 2006 Recall of Contaminated Spinach 351
William K. Hallman, Cara L. Cuite, Jocilyn E. Dellava, Mary L. Nucci, and Sarah C. Condry

Chapter 20. Produce in Public: Spinach, Safety, and Public Policy 369
Douglas A. Powell, Casey J. Jacob, and Benjamin Chapman

Chapter 21. Contaminated Fresh Produce and Product Liability: A Law-in-Action Perspective 385
Denis W. Stearns

Chapter 22. The Economics of Food Safety: The 2006 Foodborne Illness Outbreak Linked to Spinach 399
Linda Calvin, Helen H. Jensen, and Jing Liang

Section VI. Research Challenges and Directions 419

Chapter 23. Research Needs and Future Directions 421
Brendan A. Niemira, Christopher J. Doona, Florence E. Feeherry, Xuetong Fan, and Robert B. Gravani

Index 427

"The book should be an essential read for anyone interested in
food safety and a requirement in any library of a Department
teaching microbiology of food as part of their syllabus."
(Society for General Microbiology, June 2010)

"This most recent edition to the












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series examines the current state of the problems associated with
fresh produce by reviewing the recent, high-profile outbreaks
associated with freshproduce, including the possible
internalization of pathogens by plant tissues, and understanding
how human pathogens survive and multiply in water, soils, and fresh
fruits and vegetables." (Fruits,
2010)