A Theory of Forest Dynamics

Prologue.- 1 Forest Succession.- Succession from Individual Attributes.- Competition Versus Facilitation.- The Importance of Population Dynamics.- The Nonequilibrium Nature of Vegetation.- Mathematical Models of Individuals as Succession Models.- Ecosystem Succession.- The Regularity of Ecosystem Pattern.- Consideration of the Whole Ecosystem.- Systems Theoretical Approaches.- Conclusions.- 2 Computer Models of Forest Succession.- A Speculation on Modeling.- Scale in Forest Succession Models.- Even-aged, Monospecies, Spatial Tree Models.- Even-aged, Monospecies, Nonspatial Tree Models.- Even-aged, Mixed-species, Nonspatial Tree Models.- Mixed-aged, Monospecies, Spatial Tree Models.- Mixed-aged, Monospecies, Nonspatial Tree Models.- Mixed-aged, Mixed-species, Spatial Tree Models.- Mixed-aged, Mixed-species, Nonspatial Tree Models.- Mixed-aged, Mixed-species, Nonspatial Gap Models.- Mixed-aged, Mixed-species, Spatial Gap Models.- Conclusions.- 3 Gap Models.- The Growth of Trees.- Light Limitation of Tree Growth.- Temperature Effects on Tree Growth.- Nutrient Cycling and Growth.- Moisture Effects on Tree Growth.- The Ingrowth of Trees.- The Death of Trees.- Size of Modelled Gaps.- Conclusions.- 4 Performance of Gap Models.- General Patterns of Compositional Dynamics Simulated by Gap Models.- Australian Montane Eucalyptus Forests.- Arkansas Upland Forest.- Australian Subtropical Rain Forest.- Southern Appalachian Deciduous Forest.- Mississippi River Floodplain Forest.- Northern Hardwood Forest.- Puerto Rican Montane Rain Forest.- Southern Wetlands Vegetation.- Extended Compositional Tests on Gap Models.- Patterns in Forest Structure Simulated by Gap Models.- Conclusions.- 5 Patch Dynamics in Forested Mosaics.- Regeneration Cycles in Gaps.- Small Disturbances in Gap Models.- Regeneration and Gap Size.- The Role of the Species in Determining Gap Size.- Roles of Species in Patch Dynamics.- Role 1 Species.- Role 2 Species.- Role 3 Species.- Role 4 Species.- Tree Roles and Forest Ecosystem Dynamics.- Conclusions.- 6 The Biomass Response of Landscapes.- The Biomass Response of Homogeneous Landscapes.- Some Examples of Forest Biomass Response.- Idealized Landscape Dynamics from Gap Models.- Dynamics of Monospecies Landscapes.- Idealized Landscape Dynamics for Multispecies Forests.- The Effects of Species on the Landscape Biomass Dynamics in the Frequency Domain.- Landscape Dynamics with Patch Interaction in One Dimension.- Landscape Dynamics with Patch Interaction in Two.- Conclusions.- 7 Categories of Dynamic Landscapes.- Exogenous Disturbances and Patch Dynamics.- Statistical Interpretations of Landscape Systems.- Examples of Effectively Nonequilibrium and Quasi-Equilibrium Landscapes.- Intrinsically Nonequilibrating Landscapes.- The Severity and Frequency of Disturbance.- Computer Models of Quasi-Equilibrium Landscapes.- Applications of Landscape Models.- Conclusions.- 8 Animals and Mosaic Landscapes.- Roles of Animals in Ecological Systems.- Niche Theory: A Brief Review.- The Mosaic Element as a Habitat Element.- Consequences of Habitat Selection for Mosaic Elements on Animal Communities.- Conclusions.- 9 Predicting Large-Scale Consequences of Small-Scale Changes.- Possible Effects of Air Pollutants on Forests.- The Problem.- Model Application and Results.- Assessing the Potential Effects of Carbon Dioxide Fertilization.- The Problem.- Model Application and Results.- Reconstructing Prehistoric Vegetation.- Background.- The Problem.- Model Application and Results.- Conclusions.- 10 A Theory of Forest Dynamics.- The Domain of Applicability of Gap Models.- Some Consequences of Gap Models.- Epilogue.- References.