Diseases of Poultry

Editor-in-Chief: David E. Swayne is Laboratory Director of the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in Athens, Georgia, USA.

Associate Editor: J.R. Glisson is the Director of Research, U.S. Poultry and Egg Association, Tucker, Georgia, USA.

Associate Editor: L.R. McDougald is Professor in the Department of Poultry Science at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, USA.

Associate Editor: L.K. Nolan is Dean at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa, USA.

Associate Editor: D.L. Suarez is Research Leader of the Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture in Athens, Georgia, USA.

Associate Editor: V.L. Nair is a Professor and Head, Avian Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute in Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom.

Contributors xi

Preface xix

Introduction xxv

Section I: General Concepts of Poultry Diseases 1

1 Principles of Disease Prevention, Diagnosis, and Control 3
Introduction, S.R. Collett

Principles of Disease Prevention, Diagnosis, and Control Introduction
S.R. Collett

Antimicrobial Therapy (Including Resistance)
C.L. Hofacre, R.S. Singer and T.J. Johnson

Public Health Significance of Poultry Diseases
R.D. Berghaus and B. Stewart-Brown

2 Host Factors for Disease Resistance 61

Introduction
J.M. Sharma

The Avian Immune System
J.M. Sharma and S. Rautenschlein

Genetics of Disease Resistance
H.H. Cheng and S.J. Lamont

Section II: Viral Diseases 87

3 Newcastle Disease, Other Avian Paramyxoviruses, and Avian Metapneumovirus Infections 89

Introduction
D.L. Suarez

Newcastle Disease
P.J. Miller and G. Koch

Avian Paramyxoviruses 2–11
E. Mundt

Avian Metapneumovirus
R.C. Jones and S. Rautenschlein

4 Infectious Bronchitis
M.W. Jackwood and S. de Wit 139

5 Infectious Laryngotracheitis 161
M. García, S. Spatz, and J.S. Guy

6 Influenza, D.E. Swayne 181
D.L. Suarez, and L.D. Sims

7 Infectious Bursal Disease 219
N. Eterradossi and Y.M. Saif

8 Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus and Other Circovirus Infections 247

Introduction
K.A. Schat and L.W. Woods

Chicken Infectious Anemia
K.A. Schat and V.L. van Santen

Circovirus Infections of Avian Species,
L.W. Woods and K.S. Latimer

9 Adenovirus Infections 289

Introduction
S.D. Fitzgerald

Aviadenovirus Infections
M. Hess

Atadenovirus (Egg Drop Syndrome and Related Infections)
J.A. Smyth

Hemorrhagic Enteritis and Related Infections
F.W. Pierson and S.D. Fitzgerald

Quail Bronchitis
W.M. Reed and S.W. Jack

10 Pox
D.N. Tripathy and W.M. Reed 333

11 Reovirus Infections
R.C. Jones 351

12 Viral Enteric Infections 375

Introduction
Y.M. Saif

Turkey Coronavirus Enteritis
J.S. Guy

Rotavirus Infections
J.M. Day

Astrovirus Infections
S.L. Schultz-Cherry

Avian Enterovirus-Like Virus Infections
C.S. Hayhow

Enteric Parvovirus Infections of Chickens and Turkeys
L. Zsak

13 Viral Infections of Waterfowl 417

Introduction
P.R. Woolcock

Duck Hepatitis
P.R. Woolcock and H.-J. Tsai

Duck Virus Enteritis (Duck Plague)
S.A. Metwally

Hemorrhagic Nephritis Enteritis of Geese
J.-L.Guérin

Parvovirus Infections of Waterfowl
V.J. Palya

14 Other Viral Infections 465

Introduction
Y.M. Saif

Miscellaneous Herpesvirus Infections
J.P. Duchatel and H. Vindevogel

Avian Nephritis
D. Todd and T. Imada

Arbovirus Infections
J.S. Guy

Turkey Viral Hepatitis
J.S. Guy

Avian Encephalomyelitis
D.L. Suarez

Avian Hepatitis E Virus Infections
X.J. Meng and H.L. Shivaprasad

15 Neoplastic Diseases 513

Introduction
V. Nair

Marek’s Disease
K.A. Schat and V. Nair

Leukosis/Sarcoma Group
V. Nair and A.M. Fadly

Reticuloendotheliosis
V. Nair, G. Zavala, and A.M. Fadly

Other Tumors
S. Hafner, R.L. Reece, and S.M. Williams

Section III: Bacterial Diseases 675

16 Salmonella Infections 677

Introduction
R.K. Gast

Pullorum Disease and Fowl Typhoid
H.L. Shivaprasad and P.A. Barrow

Paratyphoid Infections
R.K. Gast

Arizonosis
H.L. Shivaprasad

17 Campylobacteriosis
Q. Zhang and O. Sahin 737

18 Colibacillosis
L.K. Nolan, H.J. Barnes, J.-P. Vaillancourt, T. Abdul-Aziz, and C.M. Logue 751

19 Pasteurellosis and Other Respiratory Bacterial Infections 807

Introduction
J.R. Glisson

Fowl Cholera
J.R. Glisson, C.L. Hofacre, and J.P. Christensen

Riemerella anatipestifer Infection
J.A. Ruiz and T.S. Sandhu

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Infection
R.P. Chin, P.C.M. van Empel, and H.M. Hafez

Bordetellosis (Turkey Coryza)
M.W. Jackwood and Y.M. Saif

20 Infectious Coryza and Related Bacterial Infections
P.J. Blackall and E. Soriano-Vargas 859

21 Mycoplasmosis 875

Introduction
N. Ferguson-Noel

Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection
Z. Raviv and D.H. Ley

Mycoplasma meleagridis Infection
R.P. Chin

Mycoplasma synoviae Infection
N. Ferguson-Noel and A.H. Noormohammadi

Mycoplasma iowae Infection
J.M. Bradbury and Z. Raviv

Other Mycoplasmal Infections
N. Ferguson-Noel

22 Clostridial Diseases 943

Introduction
C.M. Logue

Ulcerative Enteritis
J.G. Songer and F.Uzal

Necrotic Enteritis
K. Opengart and J.G. Songer

Botulism
H. Skarin, G. Blomqvist and V. Båverud

Gangrenous Dermatitis
K. Opengart

23 Other Bacterial Diseases 971

Introduction
C.M. Logue

Staphylococcosis
C.B. Andreasen

Streptococcus and Enterococcus
S.G. Thayer and W.D. Waltman

Erysipelas
J.M. Bricker and Y.M. Saif

Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis
D.J. Hampson

Tuberculosis
R.M. Fulton and S. Sanchez

Miscellaneous and Sporadic Bacterial Infections
T. Abdul-Aziz and H.J. Barnes

24 Avian Chlamydiosis
D. Vanrompay 1055

Section IV: F ungal Diseases 1075

25 Fungal Infections
M.J. Dykstra, B.R. Charlton, R.P. Chin, and H.J. Barnes 1077

Section V: P arasitic Diseases 1097

26 External Parasites and Poultry Pests
N.C. Hinkle and R.M. Corrigan 1099

27 Internal Parasites
L.R. McDougald 1117

28 Protozoal Infections 1147

Introduction
L.R. McDougald

Coccidiosis
L.R. McDougald and S.H. Fitz-Coy

Cryptosporidiosis
L.R. McDougald

Histomoniasis (Blackhead) and Other Protozoan Diseases of the Intestinal Tract
M. Hess and L.R. McDougald

Miscellaneous and Sporadic Protozoal

Infections
A.J. Bermudez

Section VI: N oninfectious Diseases 1203

29 Nutritional Diseases
K.C. Klasing 1205

30 Developmental, Metabolic, and Other Noninfectious Disorders
R. Crespo and H.L. Shivaprasad 1233

31 Mycotoxicoses
F.J. Hoerr 1271

32 Toxins and Poisons
R.M. Fulton 1287

Section VII: O ther Diseases 1317

33 Emerging Diseases and Diseases of Complex or Unknown Etiology 1319

Introduction
Y.M. Saif

Multicausal Respiratory Diseases
J.R. Glisson

Multicausal Enteric Diseases
M.J. Pantin-Jackwood

Hypoglycemia-Spiking Mortality Syndrome of Broiler Chickens
J.F. Davis

Proventriculitis and Proventricular Dilatation of Broiler Chickens
S. Hafner and J.S. Guy

Index 1341