Process Plant Machinery (eBook)

Cover 1
Process Plant Machinery 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface to the Second Edition 10
Preface to the First Edition 12
Acknowledgments 14
Introduction 16
Chapter 1. Electric Motors and Controls 18
Motor Design 19
Motor Controls 22
Wiring System Design 23
Cycling of Motors 24
Standard Induction Motors 24
Large Heavy-Duty Alternating Current Motors 25
Special Industry and Application Designs 25
Major Components of Induction Motors 28
A Motor as Part of a System 30
Adjustable Frequency Motor Considerations 37
Chapter 2. Gear Speed Transmission Equipment 44
Types of Gears 44
Chapter 3. Gas Turbines 62
Design 63
Selecting a Gas Turbine 82
Appendix 3A: Gas Turbine Cycles 120
Appendix 3B: Life Cycle Usage 129
Appendix 3C: Specific Maintenance Inspections 132
Chapter 4. Gas Engines 138
Two-Stroke Gas Engines 139
Chapter 5. Steam Turbines 152
Mechanical Drive Steam Turbines 153
Impulse Steam Turbines 154
Reaction Steam Turbines 172
Appendix 5A: Steam Turbines: Some Design Theory Factors 184
Appendix 5B: Selecting and Sizing a Steam Turbine 199
Chapter 6. Turboexpanders 216
Refrigeration 216
Power Recovery 216
Power Generation 216
Expander Design and Construction 217
Typical Application 220
Operation 221
Maintenance 222
Chapter 7. Centrifugal Pumps 224
Conventional Process Pumps 229
Canned Motor and Sealless Magnet-Drive Centrifugal Pumps 254
High-Speed Centrifugal Pumps 256
Appendix 7A: Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals 266
Appendix 7B: Change of Performance 294
Appendix 7C: Reed Frequency Considerations for Vertical Pump Installations 302
Appendix 7D: Vertical Mixed Flow Variable Pitch Vane Pump 316
Appendix 7E: Rotating Case Design 320
Chapter 8. Positive Displacement Pumps 326
Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pumps 326
Rotating Positive Displacement Pumps 338
Appendix 8A: Principles of Operation of Reciprocating Pumps 346
Chapter 9. Vacuum Pumps 354
Single-Stage Liquid Ring Pumps 355
Liquid Jet Vacuum Pumps 358
Air Ejector and/or Booster Liquid Ring Pumps 358
Multistage Combination Units 359
Rotary Oil-Sealed Vacuum Pumps 360
Chapter 10. Cooling Water Supply Systems 362
Characterization by Air Flow 364
Characterization by Construction 366
Characterization by Shape 366
Characterization by Method of Heat Transfer 367
Mechanical Component Review 368
Chapter 11. Centrifugal Compressors 380
Overview of Gas Compression Machinery 380
Centrifugal Compressors 381
Selection of a Centrifugal Compressor 409
Appendix llA: Compressor Design 410
Appendix 11B: High-Speed Centrifugal Compressors 415
Appendix 11C: Barrel Compressors 424
Appendix 11D: Isotherm Turbocompressors 447
Appendix 11E: Gas Seal Design 484
Chapter 12. Axial Flow Compressors 492
Field of Application 492
Basic Axial Compressor Performance Capabilities 494
Fundamentals of Axial Compressor Design 495
Operational Limitations 499
Standard Maintenance Considerations 501
Selecting an Axial Compressor 504
Chapter 13. Propeller, Axial, and Centrifugal Fans 534
Propeller Fans 534
Axial Fans 534
Centrifugal Fans 537
Fan Fundamentals 542
Fan Performance and System Effects 543
Capacity Control of Fans 550
Chapter 14. Reciprocating Compressors 556
Ideal Compressor Cycle 558
Classification of Reciprocating Compressors 559
Compressor Arrangement Overview 561
Compressing Difficult Gases 581
Compressors with Dry-Running Piston Rings 583
Labyrinth-Piston Compressors 585
Diaphragm Compressors 593
Appendix 14A: Performance Calculations 596
Appendix 14B: Capacity Control 601
Appendix 14C: Higher Pressures on Dry-Running Compressors 609
Chapter 15. Rotating Positive Displacement Compressors 612
Rotary Screw Compressors 612
Rotary Piston Blowers 624
Appendix 15A: Water-Flooded Single Screw Process Compressor Technology 628
Chapter 16. Mixers and Agitators 634
Impeller Fluid Mechanics 634
Chapter 17. Separators 650
Introduction 650
Disk Nozzle Centrifuges 653
Washing 657
Applications 664
Chapter 18. Internal Mixers: Single- and Twin-Screw Extruders 668
Internal Mixers 668
Single- and Twin-Screw Extruders 677
Suggested Reading 695
Chapter 19. Scraped Surface Crystallizers, Dewaxers and Chillers 696
Continuous Crystallizers for Organic Chemicals 696
Scraped Surface Dewaxing Exchangers and Chillers 709
Chapter 20. Conveyor-Based Processing Systems 712
Belt Grades 712
Cooler/Flakers 715
Heating/Drying Applications 720
Double Belt Press 720
Freezing Conveyor 723
Chapter 21. Filtration Systems 724
Classification of Filters 724
Filtration with Otherwise Active Media 728
Backwashing 728
Pretreatment 729
Filter Selection 729
Economics 729
Appendix Units Conversion Tables 732
Index 742