Deep-Sea Fishes (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Deep-Sea Fishes 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 12
Norman Bertram "Freddy" Marshall 14
Chapter 1. What Is the Deep Sea? 18
I. The Nature of Water 19
II. Ocean Gradients 27
III. Morphology of Ocean Basins 35
IV. Biophysics and Oceanic Food Webs 47
References 54
Chapter 2. Systematics of Deep-sea Fishes 60
I. Introduction 60
II. A Classification of Living Fishes Occurring near or below 500 to 600 m, with an Annotated List of Deep-sea Fish Orders and Families 63
Refcrcnces 91
Chapter 3. Distribution and Population Ecology 96
I. How Many Deep-sea Species Are There? 96
II. Pelagic Habitats 99
III. Demersal Fauna: Shelf, Slope, and Rise 100
IV. Distribution Patterns 100
V. Feeding Relationships 116
VI. Age Detcrrnination 119
VII. Reproductive Stratcgies 120
References 123
Chapter 4. Feeding at Depth 132
I. Introduction 132
II. Feeding Habits of Deep-sea Fishes 135
III. Patterns in the Diets of Deep-sea Fishes 145
IV. Sources of Food in the Deep Sea 189
V. Deep-sea Encrgetics Related to Feeding 193
VI. Future Directions in Deep-sea Fish Research 197
References 199
Chapter 5. Buoyancy at Depth 212
I. Introduction 212
II. The Problem of Buoyancy 213
III. Swim Bladder Function 218
IV. Lipid Accumulation 231
V. Watery Tissues 240
VI. Hydrodynamic Lift 244
VII. Conclusions 246
References 247
Chapter 6. Biochemistry at Depth 256
I. Introduction 256
II. Effects of Pressure on Biochemical Systems: Protein Interactions and Enzyme Kinetics 258
III. Tolerance Adaptations: Maintenance ol Biochemical Function in the Deep Sea 261
IV. Capacity Adaptation: Biochemical Correlatcs of Organismal Metabolism 280
V. Future Directions: Phylogenctic and Molecular Approaches 285
References 288
Chapter 7. Pressure Effects on Shallow-Water Fishes 296
I. Introduction 296
II. The Fish as a Model 297
III. Methods 299
IV. Effccts of Short-Term Pressure Exposure 300
V. Acclimatization o f Fish to Hydrostatic 316
VI. Comparison of Shallow-Water Fishes and Decp-Water Fishes 324
VII. Conclusion 330
References 331
Chapter 8. Sensory Physiology 342
I. Introduction 342
II. Olfaction/Chemoreception 343
III. Vision 345
IV. Touch 350
V. Octavolatcralis Systems 350
VI. General Comments 359
Refercnccs 363
Chapter 9. Laboratory and in Situ Methods for Studying Deep-sea Fishes 368
I. Introduction 368
II. Laboratory Studies 369
III. I n Sim Studies 376
IV. Future Directions 390
Referenccs 392
Index 396
Other Volumes in the Fish Physoilogy Series 404