Advances in Marine Biology (eBook)

Cover Page 1
Contents 8
Contributors to Volume 51 6
Series Contents for Last Ten Years 10
Chapter 1: The Fishery for Iceland Scallop (Chlamys islandica) in the Northeast Atlantic 15
1. Scallop Biology in the Study Area 16
2. Iceland 21
3. Greenland 28
4. Norway: Svalbard, Bjørnøya and Jan Mayen 45
5. Overview 55
Acknowledgements 61
References 61
Chapter 2: Are Larvae of Demersal Fishes Plankton or Nekton? 71
1. Introduction 73
2. Behaviour as a Factor in Larval Fish Biology 78
3. Methods of Studying Behaviour in Fish Larvae 82
4. Swimming Speed 84
5. Swimming Endurance 98
6. Avoiding the Flow Instead of Swimming 104
7. Schooling by Larval Fishes 105
8. Vertical Distribution Behaviour 106
9. Orientation in the Pelagic Environment 114
10. Sensory Abilities that Enable Nonpassive Behaviour (How Do Larvae Orientate?) 119
11. Interaction with Predators in the Pelagic Environment 122
12. Feeding as a Factor: Fuelling the Swimmer 123
13. Settlement Behaviour 124
14. Directly Testing the Simplifying Assumption 127
15. The Importance of Hydrography 131
16. Are Fish Larvae Plankton or Nekton? 133
17. Future Directions 137
Acknowledgements 140
References 140
Chapter 3: Sound as an Orientation Cue for the Pelagic Larvae of Reef Fishes and Decapod Crustaceans 157
1. Introduction 158
2. Background 160
3. Sound Production, Signal-to-Noise Considerations and the Marine Soundscape 166
4. Sound Reception in Marine Larvae 173
5. Evidence for the Use of Sound in Orientation and Settlement 188
6. Sense and Settlement: A Comparison of Sound and Other Sensory Cues 195
7. Conclusions/Prospects 198
Acknowledgements 201
References 202
Chapter 4: Crustacea in Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice:Distribution, Diet and Life History Strategies 211
1. Introduction 212
2. The Sea Ice Environment 217
3. Sampling Crustaceans from Sea Ice 223
4. Characteristic Species of Sea Ice: Distribution and Biomass 227
5. Reproduction and Life History Strategies 262
6. Diet 277
7. Behavioural and Physiological Strategies 302
8. Final Remarks and Conclusions 305
Acknowledgements 309
References 309
Taxonomic Index 331
Subject Index 335