Chinese Fishes (eBook)

Introducing China 2
References 10
Threatened fishes of the world: Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li, 1966 (Salmonidae) 11
References 12
Changes in abundance of larvae of the four domestic Chinese carps in the middle reach of the Yangtze River,... 13
Abstract 13
Introduction 13
Materials and methods 14
Sampling area 14
Sampling design and collecting methods 14
Sample preservation 14
Environmental parameters 15
Calculation of spawning ground and larvae amount 16
Results 16
Reproductive habit of the four domestic fishes 16
Silver carp 16
Bighead carp 16
Grass carp 17
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) 17
Spawning grounds 17
Larval abundance 17
Relative abundances of fish larvae 17
Peaks in larval abundance and hydrology 18
Water temperature 18
Hydrograph and larval flood 18
Discussion 18
Relationship between hydrograph and larval flood 18
Effect of the three gorges project on larval abundance and composition 19
Effect of the three gorges project on spawning ground and spawning 20
Protection of the four domestic fishes 21
References 22
The fish fauna of mountain streams in the Guanshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China 23
Abstract 23
Introduction 23
Methods 24
Site selection 24
Fish sampling 24
Data analysis 24
Results 24
Stream characteristics and physicochemical parameters 24
Fish fauna of the GNNR 25
Discussion 26
References 27
Threatened fishes of the world: Schizothorax taliensis Regan, 1907 (Cyprinidae) 28
References 29
A review of the genus Distoechodon (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), and description of a new species 30
Abstract 30
Introduction 30
Materials and methods 31
Results 31
Key to Xenocyprinid genera 31
Key to genera of the Xenoxyprininae 32
Key to species of Distoechodon 32
Distoechodon Peters 1881 32
Key to species of Distoechodon 32
Distoechodon tumirostris Peters 1881 (Fig.& newnbsp
Distoechodon compressus (Nichols), 1925 (Fig.& newnbsp
References 42
Otolith microstructure of Oxygymnocypris stewartii... 44
Abstract 44
Introduction 44
Materials and methods 45
Sampling 45
Otolith preparation 45
Counting the number of microincrements 45
Marginal increment ratio analysis 45
Analytical software 46
Results 46
Otolith microstructure 46
Validation of the daily periodicity of microincrements deposition 46
Characteristics of the microincrements 46
Validation of the time of the annulus formation 47
Checks in otolith sections 48
Discussion 48
Validation of daily increments 48
Growth characteristics 49
Checks in otolith sections 50
References 51
Otolith characteristics and age determination of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon... 52
Abstract 52
Introduction 52
Materials and methods 53
Collection of samples 53
Otolith preparation and microstructural measurement 53
Otolith reading and age validation 53
Marginal increment ratio analysis 54
Results 54
Otolith morphometrics and readability 54
Microstructural features and daily increments 55
Annuli characteristics and age validation 55
Marginal increment ratio and annuli formation 57
Discussion 57
References 59
Threatened fishes of the world: Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel, 1837 (Cottidae) 61
References 62
Detection of hybridization between two loach species... 63
Abstract 63
Introduction 63
Materials and methods 64
Sample collection and artificial crosses 64
Chromosome analyses 64
Genetic analyses with microsatellite DNA 64
Results 65
Cytology and morphology of artificial hybrids 65
Genetic analyses of artificial hybrids 65
Analyses of the wild populations using microsatellite DNA 67
Discussion 67
References 69
Threatened fishes of the world: Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima, 1920) (Cyprinidae) 70
Abstract 70
References 71
Age composition, growth, and reproductive biology of yellow catfish... 72
Abstract 72
Introduction 72
Materials and methods 73
Study site and sampling procedure 73
Age and growth 74
Gonadosomatic index 74
Oocyte size-frequency distributions 74
Fecundity 75
Statistical analysis 75
Results 75
Sex ratio 75
Size and age distribution 76
Sex characters 76
Spawning season and patterns 77
Fecundity 80
Discussion 81
References 84
The reproductive traits of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) from the Yadong River, Tibet 86
Abstract 86
Introduction 86
Methods and materials 87
Results 88
Discussion 90
References 92
Age structure, growth and mortality estimates of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon... 94
Abstract 94
Introduction 94
Study area 95
Materials and methods 96
Sample collection 96
Age estimates 96
Growth modeling 97
Mortality estimation 97
Data analysis 97
Results 97
Length–frequency distributions 97
Length–weight relationship 97
Age structure 98
Growth characteristics 99
Mortality estimation 99
Discussion 99
References 101
Threatened fishes of the world: Gobiocypris rarus Ye and Fu, 1983 (Cypinidae) 103
References 104
Degradation of icefishes (Salangidae) in the Yangtze River basin of China: threats and strategies 105
Abstract 105
Introduction 105
Materials and methods 106
Study area 106
Sampling methodology 106
Data analysis 107
Results 107
Species composition and economic value of icefish species 107
Stocks decline at the river basin scale 108
Size reduction of icefish assemblage in freshwater area 108
Economic extinction in local waters 109
Local extinction and spatial decline of key species 109
Discussion 109
Causes of icefish depletion 111
Overfishing 111
Habitat loss and degradation 111
Suggestions to icefish protection 112
References 112
Threatened fishes of the world: Yunnanilus discoloris Zhou & He 1989 (Cobitidae)
References 115
Feeding, morphological changes and allometric growth during starvation in miiuy croaker larvae 116
Abstract 116
Introduction 116
Materials and methods 117
Egg incubation and larval rearing 117
Experiment I: PNR and effects of delayed first feeding on larval growth 117
Experiment II: Effects of delayed first feeding on larval survival 119
Data analysis 119
Results 119
Onset of first feeding and PNR 119
Morphological changes and larval growth 119
Larval survival 120
Discussion 120
Onset of first feeding and feeding ability of fish larvae 120
Larval survival and growth 123
References 124
Isolation of cellulose—producing microbes from the intestine of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) 126
Abstract 126
Introduction 126
Materials and methods 127
Isolation and screening of microbes 127
Cellulase enzymatic activity measurement 127
Wave length for the production after cellobiose, cellotriose and glucose oxidized by DNS 127
Results 128
Screening of cellulase producing microbes 128
The effect of pH on absorbance 128
The effect of culturing time on cellulase production 128
Cellulase activities and X-ray dispersion 129
Discussion 129
References 130
Sinocyclocheilus guilinensis, a new species from an endemic cavefish group (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China 131
Abstract 131
Introduction 131
Materials and methods 132
Sinocyclocheilus guilinensis sp. nov. (Fig.& newnbsp
Threatened fishes of the world: Squalidus iijimae (Oshima, 1919) (Cyprinidae) 137
References 138
Comparative and evolutionary analysis in natural diploid and tetraploid weather loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus... 139
Abstract 139
Introduction 140
Material and methods 140
Specimen examination and ploidy determination 140
Total DNA extraction 140
PCR and sequencing 141
Sequence analyses 141
Results 141
Ploidy level of loaches samples 141
Base composition and variation 142
Amino acid variation 142
Genetic distances and genetic variation 142
Phylogenetic trees 142
Discussion 143
Ploidy distribution 143
Sequence variation and gene flow 143
Phylogenetic relationship 145
Conclusion 145
References 145
Age and growth of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet, China 148
Abstract 148
Introduction 148
Materials and methods 149
Sampling of fish and processing 149
Age determination 149
Growth 149
Comparison of growth patterns among populations from different sampling sites 150
Results 150
Population structure and sex ratio 150
Age determination 150
Growth 151
Comparison of growth patterns among populations from different sampling sites 154
Discussion 154
References 155
Threatened fishes of the world: Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus (Chen and Chu, 1988) (Cyprinidae) 156
References 156
The taxonomy and phylogeny of the cyprinid genus Opsariichthys Bleeker... 157
Abstract 157
Introduction 158
Materials and methods 158
Sample collection and morphological survey 158
mtDNA amplification and sequence analysis 159
Systematics 160
Opsariichthys evolans Jordan and Evermann (1902) (Fig.& newnbsp
Material examined 160
Diagnosis 161
Distribution 161
Remarks 161
Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther (1868) (Figs.& newnbsp
Material examined 162
Diagnosis 163
Distribution 164
Opsariichthys kaopingensis Chen and Wu, new species (Figs.& newnbsp
Material examined 164
Diagnosis 164
Description 164
Fins 166
Scales 166
Coloration in life 166
Etymology 166
Distribution 166
Remarks 166
Molecular phylogenetic analysis 167
Discussions 171
Generic limitation of Zacco 171
The divergent-time estimation of Opsariichthys pachycephalus complex 172
Comparison of distribution patterns for primary freshwater fish fauna 172
Comparative materials 173
Opsariichthys bidens (Günther) 173
Opsariichthys hainanensis (Nichols and Pope) 173
Opsariichthys uncirostris (Temminck and Schlegel) 173
Zacco platypus (Temminck and Schlegel) 173
Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima) 174
Appendix 174
References 174
Hemimyzon sheni, a new species of balitorid fish (Teleostei: Balitoridae) from Taiwan 176
Abstract 176
Introduction 176
Materials and methods 176
Systematics 177
Hemimyzon (Regan 1911) 177
Materials examined 177
Diagnosis 177
Description 177
Coloration in alcohol 178
Distribution 180
Etymology 180
Discussion 180
Comparative materials 182
References 182
Subspecies validity for genus Culter (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) based on morphometrics analysis 184
Abstract 184
Introduction 184
Materials and methods 185
Results 188
Discussion 190
References 191
A new cavefish species, Sinocyclocheilus brevibarbatus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), from Guangxi, China 193
Abstract 193
Introduction 193
Materials and methods 193
Osteological features 197
Coloration in alcohol 197
Distribution 197
Etymology 197
Remarks 198
Comparative materials 198
References 199
The Hypogean fishes of China 200
Abstract 200
Introduction 200
Methods 201
Results 202
Family: Cyprinidae—minnows or carps 202
Genus: Onychostoma Günther, 1896 203
Genus Sinocrossocheilus Wu, 1977 204
Genus: Sinocyclocheilus Fang, 1936 206
Genus Typhlobarbus Chu and Chen, 1982 238
Family: Cobitidae—loaches 238
Genus Protocobitis (Yang et al. 1994) 239
Family: Balitoridae—River loaches 240
Genus Heminoemacheilus Zhu and Cao, 1987 240
Genus Oreonectes Günther, 1868 241
Genus Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863 244
Genus Paranemacheilus Zhu, 1983 246
Genus Schistura McClelland, 1838 247
Genus Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 248
Genus Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925 256
References 264