Servet Clinical Guides: Cardiology. Chronic Valvular Disease

Joaquín Bernal holds a degree in veterinary medicine from the Complutense University of Madrid and trained at the Animal Medical Center of New York, USA. He is a member and former vice-president of the Cardiology and Respiratory Specialists Group (GECAR) of AVEPA (Spanish Small Animal Veterinary Association) and member of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology (ESVC). He has been working exclusively as a veterinary cardiologist since 1995. Joaquín Bernal is also a founding partner and director of Cardiovet, an international telediagnostic cardiology and respiratory referral service for veterinary clinics in Spain, Portugal and Latin America. Since 2003, he has been a principal investigator and consultant for electrocardiography and telemetry analysis in preclinical toxicology, pharmacodynamics, and pharmaceutical safety studies in drug development for human and veterinary use (CIDA SAL, Harlan, Vivotecnia). He is currently pursuing scientific research at the study centres Envigo Spain and Envigo UK. He is the author and coauthor of several books and dozens of articles on cardiology, electrocardiography, and related topics, as well as frequent lecturer on these topics at on-site seminars and online courses in Spain and elsewhere.