Review of Veterinary Physiology

Larry Engelking

Contents

SECTION I. BODY FLUIDS AND COMPARTMENTS
1 Volume and Composition of the Body Fluid Compartments 3
2 Tonicity and Osmolarity 7
3 Dynamics of Fluid Movement Between Blood and the Interstitium 11
4 Lymphatic Circulation and Interstitial Fluid Volume 15

SECTION II. NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND THE SPECIAL SENSES
5 Excitable Cells 19
6 Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium 23
7 Equilibrium Potentials (The Nernst Equation) 27
8 The Goldman- Hodgkin-Katz (Constant-Field) Equation 31
9 Resting Membrane Potentials 33
10 Electrotonic Conduction 35
11 Action Potentials 37
12 Synaptic Transmission 41
13 General Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 47
14 Excitation-Contraction Coupling 49
15 Cardiac Muscle 53
16 Smooth Muscle 55
17 Organization and Function of the Autonomic Nervous System 59
18 Cholinergic Synapses 63
19 Adrenergic Synapses 67
20 Adrenergic Receptors 71
21 Responses of Effector Organs to the Catecholamines 75
22 ANS Sites of Pharmacologic Importance 79
23 The Eyelids, Lacrimal System, and Cornea 81
24 Aqueous and Vitreous Humor of the Eye 83
25 The Iris, Pupil, and Lens 85
26 The Retina 87
27 Structural and Functional Characteristics of the Ear 91
28 Mechanism of Hearing 95
29The Vestibular System 99
30 Taste and Smell 103

SECTION III. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
31 Physical Characteristics of the Pulmonary System109
32 Atmospheric Gases 115
33 Alveolar Ventilation 119
34 Gas Transport in Blood and Body Fluids 123
35 Erythrocyte Metabolism 127
36 Mechanics of Breathing 133
37 Neural Control of Breathing 137
38 Chemical Control of Breathing 139
39 Protective Aspects of the Respiratory Tract 143
40 Pulmonary Adjustments During Exercise 147
41 Pulmonary Abnormalities 151

SECTION IV . CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
42 General Characteristics of Blood Vessels 157
43 Hemodynamics 161
44 Lymph 165
45 Regional Circulations 169
46 Pulmonary Circulation 173
47 Properties of Cardiac Tissue 177
48 Cardiac Cycle 181
49 Coronary Circulation 185
50 Cardiovascular Control Systems 187
51 Blood Volume 191
52 Blood 195
53 Hemostasis 199

SECTION V. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
54 General Principles of Fluid and Solute Movement in the Kidney Tubules 205
55 Factors Governing Filtration in Glomerular Capillaries 209
56 Renal Blood Flow 213
57 Quantitating Renal Transport Processes 217
58 Transport Processes in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule 221
59 Transport Processes in the Loop of Henle 225
60 Transport Processes in the Distal Convoluted Tubule 227
61Transport Processes in the Collecting Ducts 231
62 The Handling of Nitrogenous Compounds by the Kidney 235
63 Countercurrent Exchange Mechanism in the Vasa Recta 239
64 Diuretics -- Mechanism of Action 243
65 Primary Buffers in Body Fluids 247
66 Anion Gap and Unidentified Anions 253
67 Metabolic Acidosis 257
68 Metabolic Alkalosis 261
69 Respiratory Acidosis 265
70 Respiratory Alkalosis 269
71 Role of the Liver in Acid-Base Balance 273
72 The Strong Ion Difference 277
73 Rapidly-Acting Neural Control Mechanisms for the Control of Blood Pressure and Volume 287
74 Intermediate-Acting Vascular Control Mechanisms for the Control of Blood Pressure and Volume 291
75 Long Term Renal Control Mechanism for the Control of Blood Pressure and Volume 293
76 Hypertension/Hypotension 297
77 Dehydration/Overhydration 301