Clostridial Diseases of Animals

Francisco A. Uzal, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, is Professor of Veterinary Diagnostic Pathology at the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California at Davis in San Bernardino, California, USA.

Michel R. Popoff, DVM, PhD, is the head of the Research Unit of Anaerobic Bacteria and Toxins and the National Reference Center for Anaerobic Bacteria and Botulism at Institut Pasteur in Paris, France.

John F. Prescott, MA, Vet MB, PhD, FCAHS, is Professor (Emeritus) of Veterinary Microbiology at Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada.

J. Glenn Songer, MA, PhD, Fellow AAM, Dipl. ACVM, is Professor (Emeritus) of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizon, USA.

List of Contributors Xi

Preface xvii

Section 1: The pathogenic clostridia

1 Taxonomic Relationships among the Clostridia 3
John F. Prescott, Janet I. MacInnes, and Anson K. K. Wu

2 General Physiological and Virulence Properties of the Pathogenic Clostridia 7
Julian I. Rood

3 Brief Description of Animal Pathogenic Clostridia 13
John F. Prescott

Section 2: Toxins Produced by the Pathogenic Clostridia

4 Toxins of Histotoxic Clostridia: Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium novyi, and Clostridium sordellii 23
Michel R. Popoff

5 Toxins of Clostridium perfringens 45
James R. Theoret and Bruce A. McClane

6 Toxins of Clostridium difficile 61
J. Glenn Songer, Ashley E. Harmon, and M. Kevin Keel

7 Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani Neurotoxins 71
Michel R. Popoff

Section 3: Clostridial Infections of the Gastrointestinal System

8 Diseases Produced by Clostridium perfringens Type A in Mammalian Species 109
Francisco A. Uzal

9 NetF‐Associated Necrotizing Enteritis of Foals and Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis 117
Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari, Valeria R. Parreira, and John F. Prescott

10 Necrotic Enteritis of Poultry 123
Kerry K. Cooper and J. Glenn Songer

11 Infections by Clostridium perfringens Type B 139
Francisco A. Uzal and J. Glenn Songer

12 Diseases Produced by Clostridium perfringens Type C 143
Santiago S. Diab

13 Diseases Produced by Clostridium perfringens Type D 157
Francisco A. Uzal, Federico Giannitti, John W. Finnie, and Jorge P. García

14 Infections by Clostridium perfringens Type E, 173
J. Glenn Songer

15 Diseases Produced by Clostridium difficile 177
Santiago S. Diab, Francisco A. Uzal, and J. Glenn Songer

16 Disease Caused by Clostridium colinum: Ulcerative Enteritis of Poultry and Other Avian Species 197
John F. Prescott

17 Clostridial Abomasitis 205
John F. Prescott, Paula I. Menzies, and Russell S. Fraser

18 Diseases Produced by Clostridium spiroforme 221
J. Glenn Songer and Francisco A. Uzal

Section 4: Clostridial Histotoxic Infections

19 Blackleg 231
Camila C. Abreu and Francisco A. Uzal

20 Gas Gangrene (Malignant Edema) 243
Rodrigo O. S. Silva, Francisco A. Uzal, Carlos A. Oliveira Jr, and Francisco C. F. Lobato

21 Gangrenous Dermatitis in Poultry 255
H. L. Shivaprasad

22 Bacillary Hemoglobinuria 265
Mauricio Navarro, Fernando Dutra Quintela, and Francisco A. Uzal

23 Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis 275
Mauricio Navarro and Francisco A. Uzal

24 Tyzzer’s Disease 281
Karina C. Fresneda and Francisco R. Carvallo Chaigneau

Section 5: Clostridial Neurotoxic Infections

25 Tetanus 295
Michel R. Popoff

26 Botulism 303
Caroline Le Maréchal, Cédric Woudstra, and Patrick Fach

27 Diseases Caused by Other Clostridia Producing Neurotoxins 331
John F. Prescott

Index 000