Avian

Jennifer E. Graham, DVM, Dipl. ABVP (Avian / Exotic Companion Mammal), Dipl. ACZM, is an Assistant Professor of Zoological Companion Animal Medicine in the Department of Clinical Sciences at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.

Adenoviruses

Aggression (in Problem behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming*)

Airborne toxins*

Air sac mites

Air sac rupture

Anemia

Angel wing*

Anorexia

Anticoagulant rodenticide

Arthritis*

Ascites

Aspergillosis*

Aspiration

Atherosclerosis*

Avian influenza

Avocado toxins (in Plant and Avocado toxins*)

Beak fracture

Beak malocclusion

Bite wounds

Biting (in Problem behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming*)

Bordetellosis

Botulism

Brain tumors (in CNS tumors, Brain tumors, Pituitary tumors)

Campylobacteriosis

Candidiasis

Carbamate toxicity (in Organophosphate and Carbamate toxicity)

Cardiac disease*

Cere and skin, color changes

Chlamydiosis*

Chronic egg laying*

Circoviruses

Cloacal disease*

Clostridiosis

CNS tumors, Brain tumors, Pituitary tumors

Coagulation (in Coagulopathies and Coagulation)

Coagulopathies and Coagulation

Coccidiosis, intestinal

Coccidiosis, systemic

Coelomic distention

Colibacillosis

Crop stasis (in Ingluvial hypomotility, Crop stasis and Ileus)

Cryptosporidiosis

Cystic Ovaries (in Ovarian cysts, Neoplasia and Cystic ovaries*)

Dehydration

Dermatitis

Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes mellitus (in Hyperglycemia and Diabetes mellitus)

Diarrhea

Dyslipidemia and Hyperlipidemia

Dystocia and Egg binding

Ectoparasites

Egg binding (in Dystocia and Egg binding)

Egg yolk and Reproductive coelomitis

Emaciation

Enteritis and Gastritis

Feather cyst

Feather damaging behavior and Self-injurious behavior*

Feather disorders

Fecal discoloration (in Urate and Fecal discoloration)

Flagellate enteritis

Fractures and Luxations

Gastritis (in Enteritis and Gastritis)

Gastrointestinal foreign bodies

Gastrointestinal helminthiasis and Intestinal helminthiasias

Heavy metal toxicity*

Hemoparasites

Hemorrhage

Hepatic lipidosis

Herpesviruses

Hyperglycemia and Diabetes mellitus

Hyperlipidemia (in Dyslipidemia and Hyperlipidemia)

Hyperuricemia

Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia*

Ileus (in Ingluvial hypomotility, Crop stasis and Ileus)

Infertility

Ingluvial hypomotility, Crop stasis and Ileus

Intestinal helminthiasis (in Gastrointestinal helminthiasis and Intestinal helminthiasias)

Iron storage disease

Lameness

Lipoma

Liver disease*

Luxations (in Fractures and Luxations)

Lymphoid leucosis (in Viral neoplasms: Marek’s disease, Lymphoid leucosis and Reticuloendotheliosis)

Lymphoid neoplasia

Macrorhabdus ornithogaster*

Marek’s disease (in Viral neoplasms: Marek’s disease, Lymphoid leucosis and Reticuloendotheliosis)

Metabolic bone disease

Mycobacteriosis

Mycoplasmosis

Mycotoxicosis

Neurologic conditions

Nutritional deficiencies*

Obesity*

Ocular lesions

Oil exposure

Oral plaques

Organophosphate and Carbamate toxicity

Osteomyelosclerosis and Polyostotic hyperostosis

Otitis

Ovarian cysts, Neoplasia and Cystic ovaries*

Ovarian Neoplasia (in Ovarian cysts, Neoplasia and Cystic ovaries*)

Overgrown beak and nails*

Overgrown nails (in Overgrown beak and nails*)

Oviductal disease (in Salpingitis, Oviductal disease and Uterine disorders)

Pancreatic diseases

Papilloma, cutaneous

Paramyxoviruses

Pasteurellosis

Phallus prolapse

Pituitary tumors (in CNS tumors, Brain tumors, Pituitary tumors)

Plant and Avocado toxins*

Pneumonia

Pododermatitis*

Polydipsea

Polyomavirus*

Polyostotic hyperostosis (in Osteomyelosclerosis and Polyostotic hyperostosis)

Polyuria

Poxvirus

Problem behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming*

Proventricular dilation disease (PDD)*

Regurgitation and Vomiting*

Renal disease*

Respiratory distress

Reproductive coelomitis (in Egg yolk and Reproductive coelomitis)

Reticuloendotheliosis (in Viral neoplasms: Marek’s disease, Lymphoid leucosis and Reticuloendotheliosis)

Rhinitis and Sinusitis*

Salmonellosis

Salpingitis, Oviductal disease and Uterine disorders

Sarcocystis

Screaming (in Problem behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming*)

Seizure

Self-injurious behavior (in Feather damaging behavior and Self-injurious behavior*)

Sick-bird syndrome*

Sinusitis (in Rhinitis and Sinusitis*)

Slipped tendon (in Splay leg and Slipped tendon)

Splay leg and Slipped tendon

Squamous cell carcinoma

Syringeal disease (in Tracheal disease and Syringeal disease)

Thyroid diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Tracheal disease and Syringeal disease

Trauma*

Trichomoniasis

Tumors

Undigested food in droppings

Urate and Fecal discoloration

Uropygial gland disease

Uterine disorders (in Salpingitis, Oviductal disease and Uterine disorders)

Viral disease

Viral neoplasms: Marek’s disease, Lymphoid leucosis and Reticuloendotheliosis

Vitamin D toxicosis

Vomiting (in Regurgitation and Vomiting*)

West Nile virus

Xanthoma

Appendices

Appendix 1: Common Dosages for Birds

Appendix 2: Normal Values for Birds

Appendix 3: Laboratory Testing

Appendix 4: Viral diseases of concern

Appendix 5: Zoonotic diseases of concern and personal protection

Appendix 6: Common Avian Toxins and Their Clinical Signs

Appendix 7: Clinical algorithms

Algorithm 1: Sick bird syndrome

Algorithm 2: Diarrhea

Algorithm 3: Regurgitation and vomiting

Algorithm 4: Respiratory distress

Algorithm 5: Coelomic distention

Algorithm 6: Egg binding

Algorithm 7: Anemia

Algorithm 8: Oropharyngeal lesions

Algorithm 9: Neurologic signs

Algorithm 10: Polydipsia

Algorithm 11: Polyuria

Algorithm 12: Feather damaging behavior

Algorithm 13: Lameness

Algorithm 14: Hyperuricemia

Algorithm 15: Hepatopathy

Index