Complications in Small Animal Surgery

Dominique J. Griffon, DMV, MS, PhD, DECVS, DACVS, MRCVS, is Professor in Small Animal Surgery and Associate Dean for Research at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences in Pomona, California, USA.

Annick Hamaide, DVM, PhD, DECVS, is Associate Professor in Surgical Oncology at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege in Liege, Belgium.

List of Contributors, ix

Preface and Acknowledgements, xiii

About the companion website, xv

Section 1: Surgical Infections, 1

1 Surgical Wound Infections, 3
Outi Laitinen-Vapaavuori

2 Sepsis, 8
Galina Hayes and Brigitte A. Brisson

3 Pyothorax, 15
Jackie L. Demetriou

4 Peritonitis, 20
Marjan Doom and Hilde de Rooster

5 Osteomyelitis, 28
Dominique Griffon

6 Septic Arthritis, 34
John Innes

7 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Infections, 39
Scott Weese

8 Hospital-Associated Infections, 45
Maureen Anderson and Scott Weese

Section 2: General Postoperative Complications, 55

9 Dehiscence, 57
Stéphanie Claeys

10 Suture Reactions, 64
Outi Laitinen-Vapaavuori

11 Hyperthermia, 66
Kris Gommeren

12 Hemorrhage, 72
Jane Ladlow

13 Anorexia, 79
Angela Witzel

14 Management of Surgical Pain, 84
Lyon Lee and Reza Seddighi

15 Complications Associated with, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, 97
Reza Seddighi and Lyon Lee

16 Complications Associated with External Coaptation, 110
Dominique Griffon

17 Complications Associated with Rehabilitation Modalities, 118
Debra Canapp, Lisa M. Fair, and Sherman Canapp

18 Degenerative Joint Disease, 126
Guillaume Ragetly and Dominique Griffon

Section 3: Surgery of the Head and Neck, 135

19 Dorsal Rhinotomy, 137
Gertter Haar

20 Sublingual and Mandibular Sialadenectomy, 144
Cheryl Hedlund

21 Incisional Drainage of Aural Hematomas, 150
Cheryl Hedlund

22 Ear Canal Surgery, 155
Gertter Haar

23 Ventral Bulla Osteotomy, 164
Cheryl Hedlund

24 Surgical Management of Brachycephalic Airway Obstructive Syndrome, 171
Cyril Poncet

25 Surgical Management of Laryngeal Paralysis, 178
Gertter Haar

26 Thyroidectomy, 185
Chad Schmiedt

27 Parathyroidectomy, 193
Chad Schmiedt

28 Tracheal Surgery, 198
Barbara Kirby

29 Tracheal Stenting, 206
Laura Cuddy

Section 4: Dental and Oral Surgery, 215

30 Repair of Mandibular and Maxillary Fractures, 217
Christian Bolliger

31 Partial Mandibulectomy, 229
Julius Liptak

32 Partial Maxillectomy, 237
Julius Liptak

33 Lingual Surgery, 245
Julius Liptak

34 Tooth Extractions, 249
Anson J. Tsugawa

35 Tonsillectomy, 263
Jonathan Bray

36 Repair of Congenital Defects of the Hard and Soft Palates, 265
Jonathan Bray

Section 5: Thoracic Surgery, 269

37 General Complications, 271
Hervé Brissot

38 Thoracostomy and Th oracocentesis, 284
Alison Moores

39 Complications After Intercostal and Sternal Thoracotomy, 294
Alison Moores

40 Thoracoscopy, 300
Eric Monnet

41 Bronchial and Pulmonary Surgery, 305
Hervé Brissot

42 Chylothorax, 313
Carolyn A. Burton

43 Esophagoscopy and Esophageal Surgery, 319
Robert J. Hardie

44 Aortic Arch Anomalies, 323
Robert J. Hardie

45 Thymectomy, 328
Rachel Burrow

46 Pericardial Surgery, 335
Daniel J. Brockman

47 Patent Ductus Arteriosus, 338
Daniel J. Brockman

48 Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation, 343
Rachel Burrow and Sonja Fonfara

Section 6: General Abdominal Surgery, 353

49 Celiotomy, 355
Hilde de Rooster

50 Laparoscopy, 362
Gilles Dupré and Valentina Fiorbianco

51 Hiatal Herniorrhaphy, 370
Stephen J. Baines

52 Diaphragmatic Herniorrhaphy, 375
Stephen J. Baines

53 Peritoneal Pericardial Herniorrhaphy, 383
Laura J. Owen

54 Perineal Herniorrhaphy, 388
Lynne A. Snow

55 Adrenalectomy, 395
Brigitte Degasperi and Gilles Dupré

56 Splenectomy, 401
Paolo Buracco and Federico Massari

Section 7: Gastrointestinal Surgery, 411

57 Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus and Gastropexies, 413
Zoë Halfacree

58 Gastric Outflow Procedures, 424
Jeffrey J. Runge

59 Small Intestine Surgery, 429
Jean-Philippe Billet

60 Large Intestine Surgery, 435
Jean-Philippe Billet

61 Hepatic and Biliary Tract Surgery, 441
Anne Kummeling

62 Pancreatic Surgery, 446
Heidi Phillips

63 Portosystemic, 461
Barbara Kirby

Section 8: Surgery of the Urinary Tract, 467

64 General Complications, 469
Anne Kummeling

65 Complications Specific to Lithotripsy, 473
Joseph W. Bartges, Amanda Callens, and India Lane

66 Renal Transplantation, 481
Andrew Kyles

67 Ureteral Surgery, 486
Stéphanie Claeys and Annick Hamaide

68 Surgery of the Urinary Bladder, 492
Annick Hamaide

69 Urethrostomy in Male Dogs, 497
Joshua Milgram

70 Feline Perineal Urethrostomy, 500
Joshua Milgram

Section 9: Surgery of the Reproductive Tract, 505

71 Ovariectomy and Ovariohysterectomy, 507
Annick Hamaide

72 Pyometra, 517
Kathryn Pratschke

73 Cesarean Section, 522
Bart Van Goethem

74 Orchiectomy, 528
Bart Van Goethem

75 Prostatic Cyst and Abscess Drainage, 534
Henry L'Eplattenier

76 Prostatectomy, 539
Henry L'Eplattenier

Section 10: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 543

77 Open Wounds, 545
Davina Anderson

78 Reconstructive Flaps, 554
Stéphanie Claeys

79 Skin Grafting, 561
Stéphanie Claeys

80 Anal Sac Excision, 569
Lynne A. Snow

81 Feline Onychectomy, 573
Ameet Singh and Brigitte A. Brisson

Section 11: Neurologic Surgery, 577

82 General Complications, 579
Belinda Comito

83 Myelography, 584
Belinda Comito

84 Ventral Slot and Fenestration, 590
Wanda Gordon-Evans

85 Dorsal Laminectomy, 596
Wanda Gordon-Evans

86 Hemilaminectomy, 602
Wanda Gordon-Evans

87 Ventral Cervical Fusion, 606
Wanda Gordon-Evans

88 Vertebral Fracture Repair, 610
Wanda Gordon-Evans

89 Craniotomy and Craniectomy, 615
Belinda Comito

90 Intracranial Shunt Placement, 620
Belinda Comito

Section 12: Management of Fractures and Osteotomies: Perioperative Complications, 627

91 Inadequate Fracture Reduction (Malreduction), 629
Ann Johnson

92 Improper Placement of Implants, 633
Ann Johnson

93 Limb Shortening, 637
Ann Johnson

94 Implant Failure, 641
Ann Johnson

95 Premature Physeal Closure After Fracture, 649
Ann Johnson

96 Avascular Necrosis, 655
Dominique Griffon

97 Bone Resorption, 658
Dominique Griffon

98 Delayed Union, 665
Ann Johnson

99 Nonunion, 669
Ann Johnson

100 Malunion, 673
Andrew Worth

101 Loss of Function in Performance Dogs, 680
Lauren Pugliese and Jon Dee

102 Carpal Contracture, 686
Alessandro Piras and Tomas Guerrero

103 Quadriceps Contracture, 692
Darryl Millis

104 Fracture-Associated Sarcoma, 697
G. Elizabeth Pluhar

105 Thermal Pain, 702
G. Elizabeth Pluhar

106 Complications in External Skeletal Fixation, 704
Gian Luca Rovesti

107 Complications Specific to Locking Plates, 714
Randy Boudrieau

Section 13: Salvage Orthopedic Procedures, 727

108 Arthrodesis, 729
Dominique Griffon

109 Amputation, 735
Maria Fahie

110 Limb Spare Procedures, 743
Jennifer Covey and Nicholas Bacon

Section 14: Surgery of the Coxofemoral Joint, 751

111 Femoral Head and Neck Excision, 753
Wing Tip Wong

112 Complications of Double and Triple Pelvic Osteotomies, 759
Aldo Vezzoni

113 Total Hip Replacement, 778
William Liska and Jonathan Dyce

114 Complications of Total Hip Replacement with the Zurich Cementless System, 834
Aldo Vezzoni

115 Open Reduction of Coxofemoral Luxations, 845
Mark Rochat

Section 15: Surgery of the Stifle, 857

116 Complications Associated with Open versus Arthroscopic Examination of the Stifle, 859
Antonio Pozzi and Stanley Kim

117 Complications associated with cranial cruciate ligament repair, 867
Dominique Griffon

118 Complications Associated with the Treatment of Patellar Luxation, 889
Abimbola Oshin

119 Complications Associated with Autogenous Osteochondral Repair, 897
Noel Fitzpatrick

Section 16: Surgery of the Scapulohumeral Joint, 903

120 Shoulder Dislocation and Instability, 905
Brian Beale

Section 17: Surgery of the Elbow, 917

121 Reduction of Elbow Luxations, 919
Peter Böttcher

122 Ulnar Osteotomy and Ostectomy, 924
Dominique Griffon

123 Complications of Sliding Humeral Osteotomy, 930
Noel Fitzpatrick

Index, 937