Echocardiography and Ultrasound of the Dog and Cat

Chapter 1 - Physical Principles of Echography and Doppler Echo Echocardiographic imaging : general principles Basic properties of ultrasounds Physical properties of ultrasounds Interaction of ultrasounds with tissues Transducers Piezo-electric crystals Intrinsic parameters of transducers Different types of probes and screening techniques Generating echographic images Patient preparation Positioning the animal Choosing the right probe Image quality Doppler examination of the heart : general principles The Doppler effect: physical principles and analysis Physical principles of the Doppler effect Analysis of the Doppler effect Different Doppler modes Continuous wave Doppler Pulsed wave Doppler Colour coded Doppler Chapter 2 - Echocardiography and Doppler echo: physiological data The normal echocardiographic examination Bi-dimensional mode Definition Principal anatomical sections Time-Motion mode Definition Principal anatomical sections Main Indexes Echocardiographic normal values Inter-ventricular septal motion (IVS) in TM mode The normal Doppler examination Atrio-ventricular flows Mitral flow Tricuspid flow Arterial flows Aortic flow Pulmonic flow Chapter 3 - Echocardiography and Doppler examination of the diseased heart Congenital Cardiopathies Valvular abnormalities Arterial stenosis and incompetence Atrio-ventricular valve dysplasia Shunts Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Ventricular septal defects (VSD) Atrial septal defects (ASD) Atrio-ventricular canal Pericardial abnorm