Turner and McIlwraith's Techniques in Large Animal Surgery (eBook)

Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS, is Associate Dean and Professor of Surgery at Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Fort Collins, Colorado. A.N. Baird, DVM, MS, DACVS, is Chief of Staff of the Large Animal Hospital and Section Chief of Large Animal Surgery and Associate Professor of Large Animal Surgery at Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine in West Lafayette, Indiana.

Cover 1
Title page 5
Copyright page 6
Contents 7
Contributors 11
Preface to the First Edition 13
Preface to the Second Edition 15
Preface to the Third Edition 17
Preface to the Fourth Edition 19
Chapter 1: Presurgical Considerations 23
Preoperative Evaluation of the Patient 23
Surgical Judgment 24
Principles of Asepsis and Antisepsis 24
Surgical Classifications 24
Role of Antibiotics 25
Preoperative Planning 25
Preparation of the Surgical Site 25
Postoperative Infection 26
References 26
Chapter 2: Anesthesia and Fluid Therapy 27
Anesthesia 27
Local and Regional Anesthesia (Analgesia) 27
Tranquilization and Sedation 36
General Anesthesia 36
Fluid Therapy 43
Diagnosis of Fluid Volume Deficits 43
Diagnosis of Acid-Base Imbalance 44
Diagnosis of Electrolyte Abnormalities 46
Fluid Therapy in the Anesthetized Patient Undergoing Elective Surgery 47
Fluid Therapy in the Compromised Patient, According to Requirements 47
Fluid Administration in the Compromised Patient without Preliminary Data 49
References 49
Chapter 3: Surgical Instruments 53
Use of Surgical Instruments 53
Scalpel 53
Scissors 55
Needle Holders (Needle Drivers) 56
Thumb Forceps 57
Grasping Forceps 57
Hemostatic Forceps 57
Retractors 57
General Surgery Pack 58
Preparation of Instruments 58
Chapter 4: Suture Materials and Needles 81
Suture Materials 81
Clinical Application of Sutures 81
Absorbable Sutures 82
Needles 87
References 89
Chapter 5: Knots and Ligatures 91
Principles of Knot Tying 91
Knotting Techniques 91
Tying with the Needle Holder 93
Ligatures 93
References 96
Chapter 6: Suture Patterns 97
Basic Suture Patterns 97
Simple Interrupted Suture 97
Simple Continuous Suture 97
Interrupted Horizontal Mattress Suture 99
Continuous Horizontal Mattress Suture 99
Vertical Mattress Suture 99
Near-Far-Far-Near Suture 101
Subcuticular Suture 101
Cruciate (Cross Mattress) Suture 101
Continuous Lock Stitch (Ford Interlocking Suture) 103
Suture Patterns Used for Closure of Hollow Organs 103
Interrupted Lembert Suture (Inverting) 104
Continuous Lembert Suture (Inverting) 104
Cushing Suture (Inverting) 105
Connell Suture (Inverting) 105
Parker-Kerr Oversew (Inverting) 106
Purse-String Suture (Inverting) 106
Simple Interrupted Suture (Appositional) 107
Simple Continuous Suture (Appositional) 107
Gambee Suture (Combination Inverting and Appositional) 107
Double-Layer Inverting Patterns 107
Stent Bandages (Tie-Over Dressings) 108
Suture Patterns for Severed Tendons 108
Locking-Loop Tendon Suture 109
References 111
Chapter 7: Principles of Wound Management and the Use of Drains 113
Wound Management 113
Assessment of Traumatic Wounds 113
Wound Preparation 114
Wound Exploration 114
Excision and Debridement of the Wound 115
Antimicrobial Therapy 115
Other Therapies 115
Methods of Closure and Healing 116
Primary Closure 116
Delayed Primary Closure 116
Secondary-Intention Healing 116
Moist Wound Healing 116
Wound Care and Closure Techniques 117
Use of Drains 117
Indications 117
Passive Drains 117
Active Drains 119
References 121
Chapter 8: Reconstructive Surgery of Wounds 123
References 131
Chapter 9: Equine Orthopedic Surgery 133
Medial Patellar Desmotomy 133
Indications 133
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 133
Instrumentation 134
Surgical Technique 134
Postoperative Management 134
Complications and Prognosis 134
Lateral Digital Extensor Tenotomy 134
Relevant Anatomy 134
Indications 134
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 136
Instrumentation 136
Surgical Technique 139
Postoperative Management 139
Complications and Prognosis 139
Inferior (Distal) Check Ligament Desmotomy 139
Relevant Anatomy 139
Indications 139
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 140
Instrumentation 140
Surgical Technique 140
Postoperative Management 140
Complications and Prognosis 140
Superior Check Ligament Desmotomy (After Bramlage) 142
Relevant Anatomy 142
Indications 142
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 142
Instrumentation 142
Surgical Technique 142
Postoperative Management 144
Complications and Prognosis 144
Superficial Digital Flexor Tenotomy 144
Relevant Anatomy 144
Indications 144
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 145
Instrumentation 145
Surgical Technique 145
Postoperative Management 146
Complications and Prognosis 146
Deep Digital Flexor Tenotomy 146
Relevant Anatomy 146
Indications 146
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 146
Instrumentation 146
Surgical Technique 146
Postoperative Management 146
Complications and Prognosis 147
Sectioning of the Palmar (or Plantar) Annular Ligament of the Fetlock 147
Relevant Anatomy 147
Indications 147
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 147
Instrumentation 147
Surgical Technique 147
Postoperative Management 147
Complications and Prognosis 149
Palmar Digital Neurectomy 149
Relevant Anatomy 149
Indications 149
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 149
Instrumentation 149
Surgical Technique 149
Postoperative Management 151
Complications and Prognosis 151
Amputation of the Splint (II and IV Metacarpal and Metatarsal) Bones 151
Relevant Anatomy 151
Indications 151
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 151
Instrumentation 151
Surgical Technique 152
Postoperative Management 154
Complications and Prognosis 154
Arthrotomy of the Fetlock Joint and Removal of an Apical Sesamoid Chip Fracture 154
Relevant Anatomy 154
Indications 154
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 154
Instrumentation 154
Surgical Technique 154
Postoperative Management 156
Complications and Prognosis 156
References 156
Chapter 10: Equine Urogenital Surgery 159
Castration 159
Relevant Anatomy 159
Indications 159
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 160
Instrumentation 160
Surgical Technique 160
Postoperative Management 165
Complications and Prognosis 165
Cryptorchidectomy by the Inguinal, Parainguinal, and Flank Approach 172
Relevant Anatomy 172
Indications 173
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 173
Instrumentation 173
Surgical Technique 173
Postoperative Management 174
Complications and Prognosis 174
Laparoscopic Cryptorchidectomy 175
Relevant Anatomy 175
Indications 175
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 175
Instrumentation 175
Surgical Technique 175
Postoperative Management 176
Complications and Prognosis 176
Caslick’s Operation for Pneumovagina in the Mare 176
Relevant Anatomy 176
Indications 176
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 176
Instrumentation 179
Surgical Technique 179
Postoperative Management 179
Complications and Prognosis 179
Urethroplasty by Caudal Relocation of the Transverse Fold 179
Relevant Anatomy 179
Indications 179
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 179
Instrumentation 180
Surgical Technique 180
Postoperative Management 180
Complications and Prognosis 180
Cesarean Section in the Mare 180
Relevant Anatomy 180
Indications 180
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 182
Instrumentation 183
Surgical Technique 183
Postoperative Management 184
Complications and Prognosis 184
Circumcision of the Penis (Reefing) 184
Relevant Anatomy 184
Indications 184
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 184
Instrumentation 184
Surgical Technique 184
Postoperative Management 186
Complications and Prognosis 186
Amputation of the Penis 186
Relevant Anatomy 186
Indications 186
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 186
Instrumentation 186
Surgical Technique 186
Postoperative Management 189
Complications and Prognosis 189
Aanes’ Method of Repair of Third-Degree Perineal Laceration 189
Relevant Anatomy 189
Indications 189
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 190
Instrumentation 190
Surgical Technique 190
Postoperative Management 194
Complications and Prognosis 194
References 194
Chapter 11: Surgery of the Equine Upper Respiratory Tract 197
Tracheostomy 197
Relevant Anatomy 197
Indications 197
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 197
Instrumentation 197
Surgical Technique 197
Postoperative Management 199
Complications and Prognosis 199
Laryngotomy, Laryngeal Ventriculectomy, and Ventriculocordectomy 199
Relevant Anatomy 199
Indications 199
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 200
Instrumentation 200
Surgical Technique 200
Postoperative Management 203
Complications and Prognosis 203
Partial Resection of the Soft Palate 203
Relevant Anatomy 203
Indications 204
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 204
Instrumentation 204
Surgical Technique 204
Postoperative Management 204
Complications and Prognosis 204
Surgical Entry and Drainage of the Guttural Pouches 206
Relevant Anatomy 206
Indications 206
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 206
Instrumentation 206
Surgical Technique 206
Postoperative Management 209
Complications and Prognosis 209
References 209
Chapter 12: Equine Dental and Gastrointestinal Surgery 211
Repulsion of Cheek Teeth 211
Relevant Anatomy 211
Indications 211
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 212
Instrumentation 212
Surgical Technique 212
Postoperative Management 216
Complications and Prognosis 216
Ventral Midline Laparotomy and Abdominal Exploration 216
Relevant Anatomy 216
Indications 216
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 216
Instrumentation 216
Surgical Technique 216
Postoperative Management 221
Complications and Prognosis 222
Standing Flank Laparotomy 222
Relevant Anatomy 222
Indications 222
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 222
Instrumentation 222
Surgical Technique 222
Postoperative Management 226
Complications and Prognosis 226
Umbilical Herniorrhaphy in the Foal 227
Relevant Anatomy 227
Indications 227
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 227
Instrumentation 227
Surgical Technique 227
Postoperative Management 229
Complications and Prognosis 230
References 230
Chapter 13: Bovine Gastrointestinal Surgery 231
Principles of Laparotomy 231
Flank Laparotomy and Abdominal Exploration 232
Relevant Anatomy 232
Indications 232
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 232
Instrumentation 232
Surgical Technique 232
Postoperative Management 235
Complications and Prognosis 235
Rumenotomy 235
Relevant Anatomy 235
Indications 236
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 236
Instrumentation 236
Surgical Technique 236
Postoperative Management 238
Complications and Prognosis 238
Rumenostomy (Rumenal Fistulation) 239
Relevant Anatomy 239
Indications 239
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 239
Instrumentation 239
Surgical Technique for Therapeutic Rumenostomy 239
Postoperative Management for Therapeutic Rumenostomy 239
Surgical Technique for Permanent Rumenostomy 239
Postoperative Management for Permanent Rumenostomy 240
Complications and Prognosis 241
Surgical Corrections of Abomasal Displacements and Torsion 241
Relevant Anatomy 241
Indications 241
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 242
Instrumentation 242
Surgical Technique 242
Postoperative Management 248
Complications and Prognosis 248
Surgical Correction of Cecal Dilatation/Volvulus 251
Relevant Anatomy 251
Indications 251
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 251
Instrumentation 251
Surgical Technique 251
Postoperative Management 251
Complications and Prognosis 251
Small Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis 251
Relevant Anatomy 251
Indications 252
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 252
Instrumentation 252
Surgical Technique 252
Postoperative Management 252
Complications and Prognosis 252
References 252
Chapter 14: Bovine Urogenital Surgery 255
Calf Castration 255
Relevant Anatomy 255
Indications 255
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 256
Additional Instrumentation 256
Surgical Technique 256
Postoperative Management 256
Complications and Prognosis 256
Urethrostomy 256
Relevant Anatomy 256
Indications 258
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 258
Instrumentation 258
Surgical Technique 258
Postoperative Management 261
Complications and Prognosis 261
Hematoma Evacuation of the Bovine Penis 261
Relevant Anatomy 261
Indications 261
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 262
Surgical Technique 262
Postoperative Management 262
Complications and Prognosis 265
Preputial Resection and Anastomosis in the Bull 265
Terminology 265
Relevant Anatomy 265
Indications 265
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 265
Instrumentation 266
Surgical Technique 266
Postoperative Management 266
Complications and Prognosis 266
Surgical Techniques for Teaser Bull Preparation 268
Relevant Anatomy 268
Indications 268
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 268
Instrumentation 268
Surgical Technique 268
Postoperative Management 272
Complications and Prognosis 272
Inguinal Herniorrhaphy in the Mature Bull 272
Relevant Anatomy 272
Indications 274
Instrumentation 274
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 274
Surgical Technique 274
Postoperative Management 277
Complications and Prognosis 277
Unilateral Castration 277
Relevant Anatomy 277
Indications 277
Instrumentation 277
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 277
Surgical Technique 277
Postoperative Management 278
Complications and Prognosis 278
Cesarean Section in the Cow 278
Relevant Anatomy 278
Indications 278
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 278
Instrumentation 279
Surgical Technique 279
Postoperative Management 285
Complications and Prognosis 285
Retention Suturing of the Bovine Vulva (Buhner’s Method) 285
Relevant Anatomy 285
Indications 285
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 285
Instrumentation 286
Surgical Technique 286
Postoperative Management 286
Complications and Prognosis 286
Cervicopexy for Vaginal Prolapse (after Winkler) 286
Relevant Anatomy 286
Indications 286
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 286
Instrumentation 288
Surgical Technique 288
Postoperative Management 290
Complications and Prognosis 290
References 290
Chapter 15: Bovine General Surgery 293
Digit Amputation 293
Relevant Anatomy 293
Indications 293
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 294
Instrumentation 294
Surgical Technique 294
Postoperative Management 294
Digit Amputation via Disarticulation 294
Instrumentation 294
Surgical Technique 296
Postoperative Management 296
Complications and Prognosis 296
Eye Enucleation 296
Relevant Anatomy 296
Indications 296
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 296
Instrumentation 297
Surgical Technique 297
Postoperative Management 297
Complications and Prognosis 297
Cosmetic Dehorning 297
Relevant Anatomy 297
Indications 297
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 299
Instrumentation 299
Surgical Technique 300
Postoperative Management 300
Complications and Prognosis 300
Rib Resection and Pericardiotomy 300
Relevant Anatomy 300
Indications 300
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 302
Instrumentation 303
Surgical Technique 303
Postoperative Management 303
Complications and Prognosis 303
Repair of Teat Lacerations 303
Relevant Anatomy 303
Indications 305
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 306
Instrumentation 306
Surgical Technique 306
Postoperative Management 306
Complications and Prognosis 306
Third Eyelid Resection 308
Relevant Anatomy 308
Indications 308
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 308
Instrumentation 308
Surgical Technique 308
Postoperative Management 308
Complications and Prognosis 308
Tracheotomy 308
Relevant Anatomy 308
Indications 308
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 308
Instrumentation 309
Surgical Technique 309
Postoperative Management 309
Complications and Prognosis 309
Umbilical Surgery 309
Relevant Anatomy 309
Indications 309
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 309
Instrumentation 309
Surgical Technique 309
Postoperative Management 310
Complications and Prognosis 310
References 310
Chapter 16: Small Ruminant Surgery 313
Dehorning the Mature Goat 313
Relevant Anatomy 313
Indications 313
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 313
Instrumentation 313
Surgical Technique 315
Postoperative Management 315
Complications and Prognosis 315
Disbudding the Young Goat 315
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 315
Instrumentation 315
Surgical Technique 315
Postoperative Management 315
Complications and Prognosis 315
Obstructive Urolithiasis 316
Relevant Anatomy 316
Indications 316
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 316
Instrumentation 316
Surgical Technique 316
Postoperative Management 317
Complications and Prognosis 317
Mastectomy 317
Relevant Anatomy 317
Indications 318
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 318
Instrumentation 318
Surgical Technique 318
Postoperative Management 318
Complications and Prognosis 318
Vasectomy 318
Relevant Anatomy 318
Indications 318
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 318
Instrumentation 319
Surgical Technique 319
Postoperative Management 319
Complications and Prognosis 319
Cesarean Section 319
Relevant Anatomy 319
Indications 319
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 319
Instrumentation 319
Surgical Technique 319
Postoperative Management 320
Complications and Prognosis 320
Rectal Prolapse Resection in Small Ruminants 320
Relevant Anatomy 320
Indications 320
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 320
Instrumentation 320
Surgical Technique 320
Postoperative Management 320
Complications and Prognosis 321
References 321
Chapter 17: Camelid Surgery 323
Castration of the Llama 323
Relevant Anatomy 323
Indications 323
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 323
Instrumentation 323
Surgical Technique 323
Postoperative Management 324
Complications and Prognosis 324
Cesarean Section in the Camelid 324
Relevant Anatomy 324
Indications 324
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 324
Instrumentation 324
Surgical Technique 324
Postoperative Management 325
Complications and Prognosis 325
Tooth Removal in the Llama 325
Relevant Anatomy 325
Indications 325
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 326
Instrumentation 326
Surgical Technique 326
Postoperative Management 329
Complications and Prognosis 329
References 329
Chapter 18: Swine Surgery 331
Castration of the Piglet 331
Relevant Anatomy 331
Indications 331
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 331
Instrumentation 332
Surgical Technique 332
Postoperative Management 332
Complications and Prognosis 332
Inguinal Herniorrhaphy in the Piglet 332
Relevant Anatomy 332
Indications 332
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 332
Instrumentation 334
Surgical Technique 334
Postoperative Management 334
Complications and Prognosis 334
Cryptorchid Castration of Piglets 334
Relevant Anatomy 334
Indications 334
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 334
Instrumentation 334
Surgical Technique 334
Postoperative Management 336
Complications and Prognosis 336
Preputial Diverticulum Ablation 336
Relevant Anatomy 336
Indications 336
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 336
Instrumentation 336
Surgical Technique 336
Postoperative Management 336
Complications and Prognosis 336
Cesarean Section in the Sow 337
Relevant Anatomy 337
Indications 337
Instrumentation 337
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 337
Surgical Technique 338
Postoperative Management 339
Complications and Prognosis 339
Ovariohysterectomy in the Pot-Bellied Pig 339
Relevant Anatomy 339
Indications 339
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 339
Instrumentation 339
Surgical Technique 339
Postoperative Management 339
Complications and Prognosis 339
Rectal Prolapse Ring Placement 339
Relevant Anatomy 339
Indications 340
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation 340
Instrumentation 340
Surgical Technique 340
Postoperative Management 340
Complications and Prognosis 340
References 340
Index 343

"This book is well written and illustrated, concise, and
full of relevant practical information. I highly recommend this
book to veterinary students during their clinical training and
large animal practitioners who wish to review procedures they do
infrequently. Priced at just over $100, this book represents an
investment you will not regret." (Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association, 15 June 2014)