Canine and Feline Dermatology Drug Handbook

Sandra N. Koch is an Assistant Clinical Professor in Dermatology at the University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine. She is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Dermatology Sheila M. F. Torres is an Associate Professor in Dermatology at the University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine. She is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Dermatology. Donald C. Plumb was formerly Director of Pharmacy Services and Hospital Director at the University of Minnesota's Veterinary Medical Center. He is the author of Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook , now in its seventh edition.

Preface, xiv

Acknowledgments, xv

Abbreviations and Conversions, xvi

Section 1: Systemic Drugs

(Note: the drugs in Section 1 are listed in alphabetical order in the text, not according to their functional and therapeutic classifi cation given in the contents list below; therefore, the page numbers are not listed in sequence for the drugs presented below.)

Antibacterials, Beta-lactam

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, 11

Cefadroxil, 25

Cefovecin sodium, 26

Cefpodoxime proxetil, 28

Cephalexin, 29

Dicloxacillin sodium, 69

Oxacillin sodium, 164

Piperacillin sodium, 170

Ticarcillin disodium + clavulanate potassium, 203

Antibacterials, Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, 38

Difloxacillin hydrochloride, 70

Enrofloxacin, 78

Marbofloxacin hydrochloride, 133

Moxifloxacin, 153

Norfloxacin, 160

Orbifloxacin, 161

Pradofloxacin, 176

Antibacterials, Lincosamides

Clindamycin hydrochloride/palmitate, 43

Lincomycin hydrochloride, 124

Antibacterials, Macrolides

Azithromycin, 20

Clarithromycin, 39

Erythromycin, 81

Antibacterials, Potentiated Sulfonamides

Ormetoprim + sulfadimethoxine, 163

Sulfadiazine/sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim, 193

Sulfasalazine, 195

Antibacterials, Tetracyclines

Doxycycline, 76

Minocycline hydrochloride, 146

Tetracycline hydrochloride, 199

Antibacterials, Miscellaneous

Chloramphenicol/chloramphenicol palmitate, 34

Clofazimine, 45

Dapsone, 62

Ethambutol, 85

Rifampin, 181

Antifungals

Amphotericin B, 13

Caspofungin acetate, 23

Fluconazole, 89

Flucytosine, 91

Griseofulvin, 96

Iodide, potassium, 109

Itraconazole, 112

Ketoconazole, 117

Posoconazole, 174

Terbinafine hydrochloride, 198

Voriconazole, 215

Antihistamines

Amitriptyline hydrochloride, 9

Cetirizine hydrochloride, 31

Chlorpheniramine maleate, 36

Clemastine fumarate, 41

Clomipramine hydrochloride, 46

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, 61

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, 72

Doxepin hydrochloride, 75

Fexofenadine hydrochloride, 88

Hydroxyzine hydrochloride/palmoate, 100

Loratadine, 128

Trimeprazine tartrate + prednisolone, 177, 210

Anti-inflammatory Agents

Allopurinol, 4

Colchicine, 50

Cyclosporine, 56

Dapsone, 62

Doxycycline, 76

Essential fatty acids, 83

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate, 98

Minocycline hydrochloride, 146

Niacinamide, 157

Pentoxifylline, 169

Piroxicam, 171

PO7P (Chinese herbal supplement), 173

Sulfasalazine, 195

Tepoxalin, 196

Tetracycline hydrochloride, 199

Anti-inflammatory Agents, Glucocorticoids

Dexamethasone, 64

Methylprednisolone/methylprednisolone acetate, 141

Prednisone/prednisolone, 177

Triamcinolone acetonide, 206

Trimeprazine tartrate + prednisolone, 177, 210

Antineoplastic/chemotherapeutic Agents

Chlorambucil, 32

Cyclophosphamide, 54

Lomustine, 126

Masitinib mesylate, 135

Piroxicam, 171

Toceranib phosphate, 204

Antiparasitic Agents

Doramectin, 73

Ivermectin, 115

Lufenuron ± milbemycin oxime, 131

Meglumine antimoniate, 138

Milbemycin oxime, 145

Moxidectin, 151

Nitenpyram, 159

Selamectin, 182

Sodium stibogluconate/sodium antimony gluconate, 187

Spinosad ± milbemycin oxime, 190

Antivirals

Acyclovir, 3

Famciclovir, 87

Lysine (L-lysine), 132

Behavior Modifying Drugs, Opioid Antagonists

Naltrexone hydrochloride, 156

Behavior Modifying Drugs, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Fluoxetine hydrochloride, 93

Paroxetine hydrochloride, 167

Sertraline hydrochloride, 186

Behavior Modifying Drugs, Tricyclic Antidepressants

Amitriptyline hydrochloride, 9

Clomipramine hydrochloride, 46

Doxepin hydrochloride, 75

Hormones

Corticotropin, 52

Cosyntropin, 53

Dexamethasone, 64

Levothyroxine sodium, 122

Megestrol acetate, 137

Melatonin, 139

Methylprednisolone/methylprednisolone acetate, 141

Methyltestosterone, 144

Misoprostol, 148

Mitotane (o,p’-DDD), 150

Prednisone/prednisolone, 177

Selegiline hydrochloride, 184

Somatotropin, 188

Thyrotropin, 201

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 202

Triamcinolone acetonide, 206

Trilostane, 208

Immunomodulatory Agents, Immunostimulant

Interferon alpha, recombinant human, 103

Interferon gamma, recombinant canine, 105

Interferon omega, recombinant feline, 107

Levamisole hydrochloride, 121

Propionibacterium acnes injection, 180

Staphage lysate, 191

Immunomodulatory Agents, Immunosuppressive

Auranofin, 15

Aurothiomalate, sodium, 16

Azathioprine, 18

Chlorambucil, 32

Cyclophosphamide, 54

Cyclosporine, 56

Dexamethasone, 64

Immunoglobulin, human intravenous (hIVIG), 102

Leflunomide, 120

Methylprednisolone/methylprednisolone acetate, 141

Mycophenolate mofetil, 154

Prednisone/prednisolone, 177

Neuropathic, Analgesic Agent

Gabapentin, 95

Nutritional Supplements

Amino acids, 8

Essential fatty acids, 83

Zinc, 217

Retinoids, Synthetic

Acitretin, 1

Isotretinoin, 110

Tranquilizers, CNS Depressants, Benzodiazepines

Alprazolam, 6

Clonazepam, 49

Diazepam, 67

Lorazepam, 129

Oxazepam, 166

Vitamins

Calcitriol, 22

Vitamin A, 212

Vitamin E, 214

Section 2: Topical Agents Antipruritic Agents, Non-corticosteroid

Aluminum acetate solution (Burow’s solution), 219

Colloidal oatmeal, 221

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, 224

Lidocaine ± prilocaine, 225

Neutralized zinc, 227

Pramoxine hydrochloride, 228

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Corticosteroids

Betamethasone, 231

Hydrocortisone, 234

Hydrocortisone aceponate, 239

Isoflupredone acetate, 242

Mometasone furoate monohydrate, 243

Triamcinolone acetonide, 246

Non-Corticosteroids

Essential fatty acids, 249

Phytosphingosine salicyloyl, 253

Antimicrobials

Antibacterial Agents

Acetic acid/boric acid, 255

Bacitracin, 257

Benzoyl peroxide, 258

Clindamycin, 260

Fusidic acid, 262

Gentamicin sulfate, 264

Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid), 267

Nitrofurazone, 268

Silver sulfadiazine, 270

Three point enzyme system, 271

Antiseptic Agents

Chlorhexidine gluconate, 273

Chloroxylenol (PCMX), 281

Ethyl lactate, 283

Hypochlorous acid, 284

Povidone iodine, 287

Triclosan (irgasan), 289

Antifungal Agents

Clotrimazole, 290

Enilconazole, 293

Ketoconazole, 295

Lime sulfur (sulfurated lime solution), 299

Miconazole nitrate, 301

Nystatin, 304

Selenium sulfide, 307

Terbinafine hydrochloride, 309

Antiseborrheic Agents

Phytosphingosine hydrochloride, 310

Salicylic acid, 311

Sulfur, precipitated, 314

Tar, coal, 317

Immunomodulatory Agents

Imiquimod, 319

Pimecrolimus, 321

Tacrolimus, 322

Retinoids

Adapalene (retinoid analog), 324

Tazarotene, 325

Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid; vitamin A acid), 326

Antiparasitic Agents

Amitraz, 327

Deltamethrin, 331

Dinotefuran + pyriproxyfen, ± permethrin, 331

Fipronil ± (S)-methoprene, 333

Imidacloprid combinations, 336

(S)-Methoprene combinations, 340

Permethrin and permethrin combinations, 347

Picaridin, 350

Pyrethrin combinations, 352

Pyriproxyfen combinations, 356

Rotenone, 360

Spinetoram, 360

Miscellaneous

All natural, 361

Capsaicin, 364

Dimethyl sulfoxide, 365

Sunscreen, 367

Otic Preparations

General information, 369

Ototoxicity, 369

Ceruminolytic agents, 374

Cleaning/drying agents, 376

Antiseptic agents, 379

Antibiotic potentiating agents, 381

Corticosteroid preparations, 382

Antibacterial preparations, 383

Antifungal preparations, 384

Corticosteroid + antimicrobial preparations, 385

Antiparasitic preparations, 388

Compounded antibiotic preparations, 391

Section 3: Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

Definition, 395

Indications, 395

Mechanism of action, 395

Precautions and contraindications, 396

Clinical efficacy, 396

Time to efficacy and duration of therapy, 397

Allergen selection, 397

Administration route, 398

Allergen vials and treatment protocols, 399

Adverse effects, 401

Concurrent therapy and drug interactions, 402

Client education, 402

Recheck evaluations and monitoring, 403

Section 4: Skin Diseases and Suggested Treatment Hypersensitivity Disorders

Atopic dermatitis, 405

Feline mosquito-bite hypersensitivity, 406

Flea allergy dermatitis, 406

Autoimmune Skin Diseases

Discoid lupus erythematosus, 407

Pemphigus foliaceus, 407

Sterile Inflammatory/Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases

Cutaneous vasculitis, 408

Idiopathic sterile pyogranulomatous-granulomatous syndrome, 408

Juvenile cellulitis, 409

Reactive histiocytosis, 409

Sebaceous adenitis, 409

Sterile nodular panniculitis, 410

Parasitic Skin Diseases

Canine demodicosis, 410

Canine sarcoptic mange, 411

Cheyletiellosis, 411

Feline demodicosis, 412

Otodectic mange (otoacariosis), 412

Fungal Skin Disorders

Dermatophytosis, 412

Malassezia dermatitis, 413

Systemic fungal diseases, 413

Endocrine Skin Disorders

Canine alopecia X, 414

Canine hyperadrenocorticism, 414

Canine hypothyroidism, 415

Keratinization Disorders

Acne, 415

Canine zinc-responsive dermatosis, 416

Pyodermas

Superficial pyoderma, 416

Deep pyoderma, 417

Miscellaneous

Acral lick dermatitis, 418

Canine familial dermatomyositis, 418

Canine perianal fistulas, 419

Canine symmetrical onychodystrophy, 419

Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex, 420

Feline psychogenic alopecia, 420

References, 423

Index, 435

“No veterinary operation should be without it!.” (Midwest Book Review, 1 July 2012)