Veterinary Immunology

Langford Veterinary Diagnostics Division of Veterinary Pathology, Infection and Immunity School of Clinical Veterinary Science University of Bristol, UK

An Overview of the Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Immunity and the Inflammatory Response
Introduction
History of immunology
The immune system: an overview
The evolution of the immune system
Key points
Antigens and Antibodies
Introduction
Antigens
Antibodies
Immunoglobulin classes
Antigen–antibody interaction
Key points
The Complement System
Introduction
The classical and lectin pathways
The alternative pathway
The terminal pathway
Biological consequences of complementactivation
Tests of complement function
Key points
Serological Testing
Introduction
Serological tests
Key points
Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
Introduction
Primary lymphoid tissue
Secondary lymphoid tissue
Lymphocytes
Distinguishing between immune cells
Lymphocyte recirculation
The common mucosal system
Key points
The Major Histocompatibility Complex
Introduction
Graft rejection
Major histocompatibility antigens
The major histocompatibility complex
The inheritance of MHC
MHC disease associations
Other applications of tissue typing
Key points
Antigen Presentation and Cytokines
Introduction
Antigen presenting cells
Antigen uptake
Antigen processing and presentation
Antigen presentation by CD1
Antigen presentation by B cells andnonprofessional APCs
Cytokines
Key points
The Biology of T Lymphocytes
Introduction
The T-cell receptor
T-cell development and maturation
T-cell activation
The role of CD4+ T lymphocytes
Cytotoxicity
Memory cells
Lymphocytes
Natural killer T cells
Key points
The Biology of B Lymphocytes
Introduction
Antigen recognition by B cells
Development and maturation of B lymphocytes
Activation of the B lymphocyte
B-cell receptor diversity
The immunoglobulin class switch
Affinity maturation
Kinetics of the humoral immune response
B1 and B2 lymphocytes
Memory B lymphocytes
Monoclonal antibodies
Key points
Testing of Cellular Immune Function
Introduction
Lymphocyte stimulation tests
Tests of cytotoxic function
Tests of phagocytic cell function
Key points
Immune Suppression
Introduction
Antigen usage
Antibody-mediated suppression
The neuroendocrine–immunological loop
Regulatory (suppressor) T lymphocytes
Key points
Hypersensitivity Mechanisms
Introduction
The Gell and Coombs classification of hypersensitivity
Type I hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
Key points
The Immune Response to Infectious Agents
Introduction
The immune response to viral infection
The immune response to bacterial infection
The immune response to helminth infection
The immune response to protozoal infection
The immune response to fungal infection
Key points
Cancer Immunology and Immune System Neoplasia
Introduction
Tumour antigens
The antitumour immune response
Immunotherapy to enhance the antitumour
immune response
Tumours of the immune system
Key points
Immunological Tolerance
Introduction
Neonatal tolerance
Adult tolerance
Oral tolerance
Oral tolerance as immunotherapy
Self-tolerance
Key points
Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Disease
Introduction
Autoimmune disease
The genetic basis for autoimmunity
Age susceptibility to autoimmune disease
Hormonal influence on autoimmunity
Primary versus secondary autoimmune disease
Immunodiagnostic tests for autoimmunity
Key points
Allergy
Introduction
Factors predisposing to allergic disease
The hygiene hypothesis
Allergic diseases in animals
Diagnosis of allergic disease
Key points
Immune System Ontogeny and Neonatal Immunology
Introduction
Immune system ontogeny
Passive transfer of maternal immune protection
Neonatal vaccination
Failure of passive transfer
Primary immunodeficiency
Neonatal isoerythrolysis
Early life immune development
Immunodeficiency
Introduction
Primary immunodeficiency
Secondary immunodeficiency
Key points
Vaccination
Introduction
Passive immunization
Active immunization
Types of vaccine
Future vaccine developments
Basic principles of vaccination
Adverse consequences of vaccination
Key points
Immunotherapy
Introduction
Immunosuppressive agents
Immunostimulatory agents
Allergen-specific immunotherapy
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy
Recombinant cytokine therapy
Cytokine gene therapy
Monoclonal antibody therapy
Antigen-specific immunotherapy
Parasite therapy
Gene therapy
Stem cell therapy
Adjunct immunotherapy
Key points
Case Studies in Clinical Immunology
Introduction
The basis of immune-mediated disease
How common is immune-mediated disease?
Immunodiagnosis
Case 1. Canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia
Case 2. Canine immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
Case 3. Canine systemic lupus erythematosus
Case 4. Feline blood transfusion
Case 5. Feline multiple myeloma
Case 6. Equine purpura haemorrhagica
Case 7. Bovine thymic lymphoma
Case 8. Canine atopic dermatitis
Case 9. Equine severe combined immunodeficienc
Case 10. Canine lymphocytic thyroiditis
Case 11. Canine immune-mediated polyarthritis
Case 12. Canine drug reaction
Case 13. Canine trapped neutrophil syndrome
Case 14. Feline lymphoid leukaemia
Case 15. Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis
Index