Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals

Rowen D. Frandson is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University. W. Lee Wilke is an Associate Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University. Anna Dee Fails is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University.

Preface
Acknowledgments.


Chapter 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology.


Descriptive Terms Useful in the Study of Anatomy.


Microscopic Anatomy: Animal Cells and Tissues.


The General Plan of the Animal Body.


Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell.


Properties of Life.


Chemical Composition of the Cell.


Microscopic Study of the Cell.


The Cell Membrane.


Transport Across Cell Membranes.


Membrane Potentials and Excitable Cells.


Membrane Receptors and Intracellular Signaling.


Cytoplasm and Cytoplasmic Organelles.


Nucleus.


Cell Division.


Regulation of Cell Growth and Replication.


Chapter 3 Embryology


Development of Germ Layers.


Neurulation.


Differentiation of Other Tissues.


Chapter 4 The Skeletal System.


Functions of Bones.


Terminology.


Classification of Bones According to Gross Appearance.


Axial Skeleton.


Appendicular Skeleton.


Chapter 5 Microscopic Anatomy and Growth and Development of Bone.


Microscopic Anatomy and Formation of Bone.


Ossification.


Physiology of Bone.


Fractures and Fracture Healing.


Other Pathologic Conditions.


Chapter 6 Joints.


Classification of Joints.


Movements of Joints.


Types of Synovial Joints.


Joints of the Axial Skeleton.


Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton.


Pathology of Joints and Related Structures.


Chapter 7 Anatomy of the Muscular System.


Types of Muscle Tissue.


Functions of the Muscular System.


Skeletal Muscle Organization.


Muscles of the Thoracic Limb.


Muscles of the Pelvic Limb.


Muscles of the Head.


Muscles of the Trunk and Neck.


Chapter 8 Microscopic Anatomy and Physiology of Muscle.


Skeletal Muscle.


Smooth Muscle.


Cardiac Muscle.


Chapter 9 Anatomy of the Nervous System.


Microscopic Neuroanatomy.


Embryology.


Central Nervous System.


Peripheral Nervous System.


Autonomic Nervous System.


Enteric Nervous System.


Chapter 10 Physiology of the Nervous System.


Physiology of the Nerve Impulse.


Synaptic Transmission.


Neurotransmitters.


Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle.


Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System.


Regeneration and Repair in the Nervous System.


Chapter 11 Sense Organs 185


Sensory Receptors.


Somatosensation.


Visceral Sensations.


Chemical Senses.


Hearing and Balance.


Vision.


Chapter 12 Endocrinology.


Hormones and Their Receptors.


Cellular Effects of Peptide Hormones.


Cellular Effects of Steroid and Thyroid Hormones.


Negative and Positive Feedback Regulation.


Hypothalamopituitary Axis


Hormones of the Neurohypophysis.


Hormones of the Adenohypophysis.


Other Endocrine Glands.


Chapter 13 The Integument.


Integument.


Skin.


Adnexa of the Skin.


Modified Epidermis.


Coat Color in Horses.


Wool.


Chapter 14 The Equine Foot and Passive Stay Apparatus.


Structure of the Foot.


Function.


Stay Apparatus.


Chapter 15 Blood and Other Body Fluids.


Blood.


Plasma and Serum.


Blood pH.


Hemostasis and Coagulation.


Lymph.


Serous Fluids.


Chapter 16 Body Defenses and the Immune System.


Nonspecific Defenses.


Specific Immune Response.


B Lymphocytes.


Immunoglobulins.


T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity.


Lymphocyte Origin, Development, and Residence.


Active and Passive Immunities.


Immunological Surveillance.


Lymphatic System.


Chapter 17 Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System.


Heart.


Vessels.


Pulmonary Circulation.


Systemic Circulation.


Veins.


Fetal Circulation.


Chapter 18 Physiology of the Heart and


Circulation.


Basic Design and Function of the Cardiovascular System.


Cardiac Cycle.


Electrical Activity of the Heart.


Cardiac Output and Its Regulation.


Structure and Function of Blood Vessels.


Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure and Blood Volume.


Cardiovascular Function During Exercise and Hypovolemia.


Chapter 19 The Respiratory System.


Upper Respiratory Tract.


Thorax.


Physiology of Respiration.


Chapter 20 Anatomy of the Digestive System.


Organization of the Digestive System.


Mouth.


Pharynx.


Esophagus


Nonruminant Stomach.


Ruminant Stomach.


Small Intestine.


Large Intestine.


Peritoneal Features.


Accessory Digestive Organs.


Chapter 21 Physiology of Digestion.


Pregastric Physiology.


Ruminant Forestomach.


Gastric Physiology.


Physiology of the Small Intestine, Exocrine.


Pancreas, and Liver.


Physiology of the Cecum and Colon.


Rectum and Defecation.


Chapter 22 Nutrition and Metabolism.


Nutrition.


Metabolism.


Chapter 23 The Urinary System.


Anatomy of the Kidney.


Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra.


Micturition.


Overview of Function and Histology of the Kidneys.


Glomerular Filtration.


Proximal Tubule Transport.


Concentration and Dilution of Urine: Role of the Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct Transport.


Sodium, Potassium, and Aldosterone.


Urine Acidification.


Regulation of Acid-Base Balance.


Chapter 24 Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System.


Testis.


Epididymis.


Ductus Deferens.


Scrotum.


Inguinal Canal.


Descent of the Testis.


Castration.


Accessory Sex Glands.


Penis.


Prepuce.


Muscles of the Male Genitalia.


Blood and Nerve Supply of the Male


Genitalia.


Chapter 25 Physiology of Male Reproduction.


Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis.


Epididymis.


Semen and Semen Technology.


Hormones of Male Reproduction.


Erection and Ejaculation.


Chapter 26 Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System.


Ovaries.


Uterine Tubes.


Uterus.


Vagina.


Vestibule and Vulva.


Blood and Nerve Supply of the Female Reproductive Tract.


Chapter.


Chapter.


The Ovary and Estrous Cycles.


Oogenesis.


Ovulation.


Corpus Luteum.


Phases of the Estrous Cycle.


Specifics of Selected Estrous Cycles.


Chapter 28 Pregnancy and Parturition.


Fertilization.


Implantation and Placentation.


Hormones of Pregnancy.


Pregnancy Diagnosis.


Parturition.


Fetal Presentations and Delivery.


Dystocia.


Chapter 29 Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammary Glands.


Mammary Glands of the Cow.


Microscopic Anatomy of the Mammary.


Gland.


Mammary Glands of Swine.


Mammary Glands of Sheep and Goats.


Mammary Glands of the Horse.


Physiology of Lactation.


Chapter 30. Poultry.


Integument.


Body Design.


Skeleton and Bone.


Musculature.


Gastrointestinal System.


Respiratory System.


Cardiovascular System.


Lymphatic System.


Urinary System.


Female Reproductive System.


Male Reproductive System.


Sex Chromosomes.


Reproduction and Photoperiods.


Appendix: Abbreviations.


Bibliography.


Index.