Introduction to Digital Communication Systems

Krzysztof Wesołowski has been employed at Poznan University of Technology (PUT), Poznan, Poland, since 1976. He received PhD and Doctor Habilitus degrees in communications from PUT in 1982 and 1989, respectively. Since 1999 he has held the position of Full Professor in telecommunications. Currently he is Head of the Department of Wireless Communications at the Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunicationsat PUT. In his scientific activity he specializes in digital wireline and wireless communication systems, information and coding theory and DSP applications in digital communications. He is the author or co-author of more than 100 scientific publications, including the following books: "Systemy radiokomunikacji ruchomej" (in Polish, WKL, Warsaw, 1998, 1999, 2003), translated into English as "Mobile Communication Systems", John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2003, and into Russian as "Sistiemy podvizhnoy radiosvyazi", Hotline Telecom, Moscow, 2006, and "Podstawy cyfrowych systemow telekomunikacyjnych" (in Polish, WKL, Warsaw, 2003). The current book is an extended and updated translation of the latter publication. He published his results, among others, in IEEE Transactions on Communications, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, IEE Proceedings, European Transactions on Telecommunications, Electronics Letters and EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. Professor Wesołowski was a Postdoctoral Fulbright Scholar at Northeastern University, Boston, in 1982–1983 and a Postdoctoral Alexander von Humboldt Scholar at the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, in 1989–1900. He also worked at the University of Kaiserslautern as a Visiting Professor. His team participates in several international research projects funded by the European Union within the Sixth and Seventh Framework Programs.

Preface. About the Author.

1 Elements of Information Theory.

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Basic Concepts.

1.3 Communication System Model.

1.4 Concept of Information and Measure of Amount of Information.

1.5 Message Sources and Source Coding.

1.6 Discrete Source Coding.

1.7 Channel Models from the Information Theory Point of View.

1.8 Mutual Information.

1.9 Properties of Mutual Information.

1.10 Channel Capacity.

1.11 Decision Process and its Rules.

1.12 Differential Entropy and Average Amount of Information for Continuous Variables.

1.13 Capacity of Band-Limited Channel with Additive White Gaussian Noise.

1.14 Implication of AWGN Channel Capacity for Digital Transmission.

1.15 Capacity of a Gaussian Channel with a Given Channel Characteristic.

1.16 Capacity of a Flat Fading Channel.

1.17 Capacity of a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Channel.

Problems.

2 Channel Coding.

2.1 Idea of Channel Coding.

2.2 Classification of Codes.

2.3 Hard- and Soft-Decision Decoding.

2.4 Coding Gain.

2.5 Block Codes.

2.6 Nonalgebraic Decoding for Block Codes.

2.7 Algebraic Decoding Methods for Cyclic Codes.

2.8 Convolutional Codes and Their Description.

2.9 Convolutional Code Decoding.

2.10 Concatenated Coding.

2.11 Case Studies: Two Examples of Concatenated Coding.

2.12 Turbo Codes.

2.13 LDPC Codes.

2.14 Error Detection Structures and Algorithms.

2.15 Application of Error Detection – ARQ Schemes.

2.16 Hybrid ARQ.

Problems.

3 Digital Baseband Transmission.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Shaping of Elementary Signals.

3.3 Selection of the Data Symbol Format.

3.4 Optimal Synchronous Receiver.

3.5 Error Probability at the Output of the Optimal Synchronous Receiver.

3.6 Error Probability in the Optimal Receiver for M-PAM Signals.

3.7 Case Study: Baseband Transmission in Basic Access ISDN Systems.

3.8 Appendix: Power Spectral Density of Pulse Sequence.

Problems.

4 Digital Modulations of the Sinusoidal Carrier.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Optimal Synchronous Receiver.

4.3 Optimal Asynchronous Receiver.

4.4 ASK Modulation.

4.5 FSK Modulation.

4.6 PSK Modulation.

4.7 Linear Approach to Digital Modulations – M-PSK Modulation.

4.8 Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK).

4.9 Digital Amplitude and Phase Modulations – QAM.

4.10 Constant Envelope Modulations – Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM).

4.11 Trellis-Coded Modulations.

4.12 Multitone Modulations.

4.13 Case Study: OFDM Transmission in DVB-T System.

4.14 Influence of Nonlinearity on Signal Properties.

Problems.

5 Properties of Communication Channels.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Baseband Equivalent Channel.

5.3 Telephone Channel.

5.4 Properties of a Subscriber Loop Channel.

5.5 Line-of-Sight Radio Channel.

5.6 Mobile Radio Channel.

5.7 Examples of Other Radio Channels.

5.8 Basic Properties of Optical Fiber Channels.

5.9 Conclusions.

Problems.

6 Digital Transmission on Channels Introducing Intersymbol Interference.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Intersymbol Interference.

6.3 Channel with ISI as a Finite State Machine.

6.4 Classification of Equalizer Structures and Algorithms.

6.5 Linear Equalizers.

6.6 Decision Feedback Equalizer.

6.7 Equalizers using MAP Symbol-by-Symbol Detection.

6.8 Maximum Likelihood Equalizers.

6.9 Examples of Suboptimum Sequential Receivers.

6.10 Case Study: GSM Receiver.

6.11 Equalizers for Trellis-Coded Modulations.

6.12 Turbo Equalization.

6.13 Blind Adaptive Equalization.

6.14 Equalizers for MIMO Systems.

6.15 Conclusions.

Problems.

7 Spread Spectrum Systems.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Pseudorandom Sequence Generation.

7.3 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems.

7.4 RAKE Receiver.

7.5 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum Systems.

7.6 Time-Hopping Spread Spectrum System with Pseudorandom Pulse Position Selection.

Problems.

8 Synchronization in Digital Communication Systems.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Phase-locked loop for continuous signals.

8.3 Phase-Locked Loop for Sampled Signals.

8.4 Maximum Likelihood Carrier Phase Estimation.

8.5 Practical Carrier Phase Synchronization Solutions.

8.6 Timing Synchronization.


Problems.

9 Multiple Access Techniques.

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access.

9.3 Time Division Multiple Access.

9.4 Code Division Multiple Access.

9.5 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access.

9.6 Single-Carrier FDMA.

9.7 Space Division Multiple Access.

9.8 Case Study: Multiple Access Scheme in the 3GPP LTE Cellular System.

9.9 Conclusions.

Problems.

Appendix.

Bibliography.

Index.