Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering

Turan Gönen is Professor of Electrical Engineering at California State University, Sacramento. He holds a BS and MS in Electrical Engineering from Istanbul Technical College (1964 and 1966, respectively), and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Iowa State University (1975). Dr. Gönen also received an MS in Industrial Engineering (1973) and a Ph.D. co-major in Industrial Engineering (1978) from Iowa State University, and a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from the University of Oklahoma (1980). Professor Gönen is the Director of the Electrical Power Educational Institute at California State University, Sacramento. Previously, Dr. Gönen was Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director of the Energy Systems and Resources Program at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Professor Gönen also held teaching positions at the University of Missouri-Rolla, the University of Oklahoma, Iowa State University, Florida International University and Ankara Technical College. He has taught electrical electric power engineering for over thirty one years. Dr. Gönen also has a strong background in power industry; for eight years he worked as a design engineer in numerous companies both in the United States and abroad. He has served as a consultant for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Aramco, Black & Veatch Consultant Engineers, and the public utility industry. Professor Gönen has written over 100 technical papers as well as four other books: Modern Power System Analysis, Electric Power Distribution System Engineering, Electrical Machines, and Engineering Economy for Engineering Managers. Turan Gönen is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and a Senior Member of the Institute of Industrial Engineers. He served on several Committees and Working Groups of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, and he is a member of numerous honor societies including Sigma Xi, Phi Kappa Phi, Eta Kappa Nu, and Tau Alpha Pi. Professor Gönen received the Outstanding Teacher Award at CSUS in 1997.

Transmission System Planning


Aging Transmission System


Benefits of Transmission


Power Pools


Transmission Planning


Traditional Transmission System Planning Techniques


Models Used in Transmission System Planning


Transmission Route Identification and Selection


Traditional Transmission System Expansion Planning


Traditional Concerns for Transmission System Planning


New Technical Challenges


Transmission Planning after Open Access


Possible Future Actions by Ferc





Transmission Line Structures and Equipment


The Decision Process to Build a Transmission Line


Design Tradeoffs


Traditional Line Design Practice


Environmental Impact of Transmission Lines


Transmission Line Structures


Subtransmission Lines


Transmission Substations


Sf6-Insulated Substations


Transmission Line Conductors


Insulators


Substation Grounding


Transmission Line Grounds


Types of Grounding


Transformer Connections


Autotransformers in Transmission Substations


Transformer Selection


Transformer Classifications





Fundamental Concepts


Factors Affecting Transmission Growth


Stability Considerations


Power Transmission Capability of a Transmission Line


Surge Impedance and Surge Impedance Loading of a Transmission Line


Loadability Curves


Compensation


Shunt Compensation


Series Compensation


Static Var Control


Static Var Systems


Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator


Static Compensator


Thyristor-Controlled Braking Resistor


Superconducting Magnetic Energy Systems


Subsynchronous Resonance


The Use of Static Compensation to Prevent Voltage Collapse or Instability


Energy Management System


Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition


Advanced Scada Concepts


Six-Phase Transmission Lines





Overhead Power Transmission


Short Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi, or 80 km)


Medium-Length Transmission Lines (up to 150 mi, or 240 km)


Long Transmission Lines (Above 150 mi, or 240 km


General Circuit Constants


Bundled Conductors


Effect of Ground on Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines


Environmental Effects of Overhead Transmission Lines





Underground Power Transmission and Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines


Underground Cables


Underground Cable Installation Techniques


Electrical Characteristics of Insulated Cables


Sheath Currents in Cables


Positive- and Negative-Sequence Reactances


Zero-Sequence Resistance and Reactance


Shunt Capacitive Reactance


Current-Carrying Capacity of Cables


Calculation of Impedances of Cables in Parallel


Ehv Underground Cable Transmission


Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines


Location of Faults in Underground Cables





Direct-Current Power Transmission


Overhead High-Voltage DC Transmission


Comparison of Power Transmission Capacity of High-Voltage DC and AC


High Voltage DC Transmission Line Insulation


Three-Phase Bridge Converter


Rectification


Per-Unit Systems and Normalizing


Inversion


Multibridge (B-Bridge) Converter Stations


Per-Unit Representation of B-Bridge Converter Stations


Operation of Direct-Current Transmission Link


Stability of Control


The Use of "Facts" and HVDC to Solve Bottleneck Problems in the Transmission Networks


High-Voltage Power Electronic Substations


Additional Commends on HVDC Converter Stations





Transient Overvoltages and Insulation Coordination


Traveling Waves


Effects of Line Terminations


Junction of Two Lines


Junction of Several Lines


Termination in Capacitance and Inductance


Bewley Lattice Diagram


Surge Attenuation and Distortion


Traveling Waves on Three-Phase Lines


Lightning and Lightning Surges


Shielding Failures of Transmission Lines


Lightning Performance of UHV Lines


Stroke Current Magnitude


Shielding Design Methods


Switching and Switching Surges


Overvoltage Protection


Insulation Coordination


Geomagnetic Disturbances and Their Effects on Power System Operations





Limiting Factors for Extra-High and Ultrahigh Voltage Transmission: Corona, Radio Noise, and Audible Noise


Corona


Radio Noise


Audible Noise (AN)


Conductor Size Selection





Symmetrical Components and Fault Analysis


Symmetrical Components


The Operator a


Resolution of Three-Phase Unbalanced System of Phasors into its Symmetrical Components


Power in Symmetrical Components


Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines


Sequence Capacitances of Transmission Line


Sequence Impedances of Synchronous Machines


Zero-Sequence Networks


Sequence Impedances of Transformers


Analysis of Unbalanced Faults


Shunt Faults


Series Faults


Determination of Sequence Network Equivalents for Series Faults


System Grounding


Elimination of SLG Fault Current by using Peterson Coils


Six-Phase Systems





Protective Equipment and Transmission System Protection


Interruption of Fault Current


High Voltage Circuit Breakers


Circuit Breaker Selection


Disconnect Switches


Load-Break Switches


Switchgear


The Purpose of Transmission Line Protection


Design Criteria for Transmission Line Protection


Zones of Protection


Primary and Backup Protection


Reclosing


Typical Relays Used on Transmission Lines


Computer Applications in Protective Relaying





Transmission System Reliability


National Electric Reliability Council


Index of Reliability


Section 209 of Purpa of 1978


Basic Probability Theory


Combinational Analysis


Probability Distributions


Basic Reliability Concepts


Systems with Repairable Components


Reliability Evaluation of Complex Systems


Markov Processes


Transmission System Reliability Methods





Construction of Overhead Lines


Factors Affecting Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines


Character of Line Route


Right-of-Way


Mechanical Loading


Required Clearances


Type of Supporting Structures


Mechanical Calculations


Grade of Construction


Line Conductors


Insulator Types


Joint Use by Other Utilities


Conductor Vibration


Conductor Motion Caused by Fault Currents





Sag and Tension Analysis


Effect of Change in Temperature


Line Sag and Tension Calculations


Spans of Unequal Length: Ruling Span


Effects of Ice and Wind Loading


National Electric Safety Code


Line Location





Appendices