Pulse–width Modulated DC–DC Power Converters

Professor Marian K. Kazimierczuk is at the Department of Electrical Engineering,Wright State University. Over 22 years, Professor Kazimierczuk has taught three highly attended graduate courses in the area of high-frequency power electronics. Enrolment has steadily increased so that his course today has the largest graduate in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at Wright State University. Professor Kazimierczuk has won the Excellence in Teaching Award several times, has over thirty years experience researching power electronics amplifiers, and holds seven patents. His Science Citation Index is over 1000, one of the highest in the field. As well as being published in over 110 papers in the IEE Transactions and over 150 papers in the IEEE international conferences on power conversion, he has written three textbooks. An IEEE Fellow, Kazimierczuk has served as an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems several times, and is currently Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. He has twice been a Chair of the Technical Committee of Power Electronics and Power Systems for the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He has also been a track chair and a member of the program and steering committees of many international conferences and served as a session chair many times.

Preface. About the Author. List of Symbols. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Classification of Power Supplies. 1.2 Basic Functions of Voltage Regulators. 1.3 Power Relationships in DC DC Converters. 1.4 DC Transfer Functions of DC DC Converters. 1.5 Static Characteristics of DC Voltage Regulators. 1.6 Dynamic Characteristics of DC Voltage Regulators. 1.7 Linear Voltage Regulators. 1.8 Topologies of PWM DC DC Converters 1.9 Relationships among Current, Voltage, Energy, and Power. 1.10 Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1.11 Summary. 1.12 References. 1.13 Review Questions. 1.14 Problems. 2 BuckPWMDC DCConverter. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Converter for CCM. 2.3 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Converter for DCM. 2.4 Buck Converter with Input Filter. 2.5 Buck Converter with Synchronous Rectifier. 2.6 Buck Converter with Positive Common Rail. 2.7 Tapped-Inductor Buck Converters. 2.8 Multiphase Buck Converter. 2.9 Summary. 2.10 References. 2.11 Review Questions. 2.12 Problems. 3 Boost PWM DC DC Converter. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 DC Analysis of PWM Boost Converter for CCM. 3.3 DC Analysis of PWM Boost Converter for DCM. 3.4 Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converters. 3.5 Tapped-Inductor Boost Converters. 3.6 Duality. 3.7 Power Factor Correction. 3.8 Summary. 3.9 References. 3.10 Review Questions. 3.11 Problems. 4 Buck-Boost PWM DC DC Converter. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 DC Analysis of PWM Buck-Boost Converter for CCM. 4.3 DC Analysis of PWM Buck-Boost Converter for DCM. 4.4 Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter. 4.5 Synthesis of Buck-Boost Converter. 4.6 Synthesis of Boost-Buck (Cuk) Converter. 4.7 Noninverting Buck-Boost Converters. 4.8 Tapped-Inductor Buck-Boost Converters. 4.9 Summary. 4.10 References. 4.11 Review Questions. 4.12 Problems. 5 Flyback PWM DC DC Converter. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Transformers. 5.3 DC Analysis of PWM Flyback Converter for CCM. 5.4 DC Analysis of PWM Flyback Converter for DCM. 5.5 Multiple-Output Flyback Converter. 5.6 Bidirectional Flyback Converter. 5.7 Ringing in Flyback Converter. 5.8 Flyback Converter with Active Clamping. 5.9 Two-Transistor Flyback Converter. 5.10 Summary. 5.11 References. 5.12 Review Questions. 5.13 Problems. 6 Forward PWM DC DC Converter. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 DC Analysis of PWM Forward Converter for CCM. 6.3 DC Analysis of PWM Forward Converter for DCM. 6.4 Multiple-Output Forward Converter. 6.5 Forward Converter with Synchronous Rectifier. 6.6 Forward Converters with Active Clamping. 6.7 Two-Switch Forward Converter. 6.8 Summary. 6.9 References. 6.10 Review Questions. 6.11 Problems. 7 Half-Bridge PWM DC DC Converter. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 DC Analysis of PWM Half-Bridge Converter for CCM. 7.3 DC Analysis of PWM Half-Bridge Converter for DCM. 7.4 Summary. 7.5 References. 7.6 Review Questions. 7.7 Problems. 8 Full-Bridge PWM DC DC Converter. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 DC Analysis of PWM Full-Bridge Converter for CCM. 8.3 DC Analysis of PWM Full-Bridge Converter for DCM. 8.4 Phase-Controlled Full-Bridge Converter. 8.5 Summary. 8.6 References. 8.7 Review Questions. 8.8 Problems. 9 Push-Pull PWM DC DC Converter. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 DC Analysis of PWM Push-Pull Converter for CCM. 9.3 DC Analysis of PWM Push-Pull Converter for DCM. 9.4 Comparison of PWM DC DC Converters. 9.5 Summary. 9.6 References. 9.7 Review Questions. 9.8 Problems. 10 Small-Signal Models of PWM Converters for CCM and DCM. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Assumptions. 10.3 Averaged Model of Ideal Switching Network for CCM. 10.4 Averaged Values of Switched Resistances. 10.5 Model Reduction. 10.6 Large-Signal Averaged Model for CCM. 10.7 DC and Small Signal Circuit Linear Models of Switching Network for CCM. 10.8 Family of PWM Converter Models for CCM. 10.9 PWM Small-Signal Switch Model for CCM. 10.10 Modeling of the Ideal Switching Network for DCM. 10.11 Averaged Parasitic Resistances for DCM. 10.12 Small-Signal Models of PWM Converters for DCM. 10.13 Summary. 10.14 References. 10.15 Review Questions. 10.16 Problems. 11 Open-Loop Small-Signal Characteristics of Boost Converter for CCM. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 DC Characteristics. 11.3 Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function. 11.4 Delay in Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function. 11.5 Open-Loop Audio Susceptibility. 11.6 Open-Loop Input Impedance. 11.7 Open-Loop Output Impedance. 11.8 Open-Loop Step Responses. 11.9 Summary. 11.10 References. 11.11 Review Questions. 11.12 Problems. 12 Voltage-Mode Control of Boost Converter. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Circuit of Boost Converter with Voltage-Mode Control. 12.3 Pulse-Width Modulator. 12.4 Transfer Function of Modulator, Boost Converter Power Stage, and Feedback Network. 12.5 Error Amplifier. 12.6 Integral-Single-Lead Controller. 12.7 Integral-Double-Lead Controller. 12.8 Loop Gain. 12.9 Closed-Loop Control-to-Output Voltage Transfer Function. 12.10 Closed-Loop Audio Susceptibility. 12.11 Closed-Loop Input Impedance. 12.12 Closed-Loop Output Impedance. 12.13 Closed-Loop Step Responses. 12.14 Closed-Loop DC Transfer Functions. 12.15 Summary. 12.16 References. 12.17 Review Questions. 12.18 Problems. 13 Current-Mode Control. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Principle of Operation of PWM Converters with Peak-Current-Mode Control. 13.3 Relationship between Duty Cycle and Inductor-Current Slopes. 13.4 Instability of Closed-Current Loop. 13.5 Slope Compensation. 13.6 Sample-and-Hold Effect on Current Loop. 13.7 Current Loop in s-Domain. 13.8 Voltage Loop of PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control. 13.9 Feedforward Gains in PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control without Slope Compensation. 13.10 Feedforward Gains in PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control and Slope Compensation. 13.11 Closed-Loop Transfer Functions with Feedforward Gains. 13.12 Slope Compensation by Adding a Ramp to Inductor Current. 13.13 Relationships for Constant-Frequency Current-Mode On-Time Control. 13.14 Summary. 13.15 References. 13.16 Review Questions. 13.17 Problems. 13.18 Appendix: Sample-and-Hold Modeling. 14 Current-Mode Control of Boost Converter. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Open-Loop Small-Signal Transfer Functions. 14.3 Open-Loop Step Responses of Inductor Current. 14.5 Closed-Voltage-Loop Transfer Functions. 14.6 Closed-Loop Step Responses. 14.7 Closed-Loop DC Transfer Functions. 14.8 Summary. 14.9 References. 14.10 Review Questions. 14.11 Problems. 15 Silicon and Silicon Carbide Power Diodes. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Electronic Power Switches. 15.3 Intrinsic Semiconductors. 15.4 Extrinsic Semiconductors. 15.5 Silicon and Silicon Carbide. 15.6 Physical Structure of Junction Diodes. 15.7 Static I V Diode Characteristic. 15.8 Breakdown Voltage of Junction Diodes. 15.9 Capacitances of Junction Diodes. 15.10 Reverse Recovery of pn Junction Diodes. 15.11 Schottky Diodes. 15.12 SPICE Model of Diodes. 15.13 Summary. 15.14 References. 15.15 Review Questions. 15.16 Problems. 16 Silicon and Silicon Carbide Power MOSFETs. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Physical Structure of Power MOSFETs. 16.3 Principle of Operation of Power MOSFETs. 16.4 Derivation of Power MOSFET Characteristics. 16.5 Power MOSFET Characteristics. 16.6 Mobility of Charge Carriers. 16.7 Short-Channel Effects. 16.8 Aspect Ratio of Power MOSFETs. 16.9 Breakdown Voltage of Power MOSFETs. 16.10 Gate Oxide Breakdown Voltageof Power MOSFETs. 16.11 Resistance of Drift Region. 16.12 Figures-of-Merit. 16.13 On-Resistance of Power MOSFETs. 16.14 Capacitances of Power MOSFETs. 16.15 Switching Waveforms. 16.16 SPICE Model of Power MOSFETs. 16.17 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors. 16.18 Heat Sinks. 16.19 Summary. 16.20 References. 16.21 Review Questions. 16.22 Problems. 17 Soft-Switching DC DC Converters. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Zero-Voltage-Switching DC DC Converters. 17.3 Buck ZVS Quasi-Resonant DC DC Converter. 17.4 Boost ZVS Quasi-Resonant DC DC Converter. 17.5 Zero-Current-Switching DC DC Converters. 17.6 Boost ZCS Quasi-Resonant DC DC Converter. 17.7 Multiresonant Converters. 17.8 Summary. 17.9 References. 17.10 Review Questions. 17.11 Problems. Appendix A Introduction to SPICE. Appendix B Introduction to MATLAB. Answers to Problems. Index.