Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology, Third Edition

Michael C. Newman, is a professor at the College of William & Mary and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science.

GENERAL
Introduction
Historical Need for Ecotoxicology
Current Need for Ecotoxicology Expertise
Ecotoxicology
Ecotoxicology: A Synthetic Science
Summary
Suggested Readings
Major Classes of Contaminants
Introduction
Major Classes of Contaminants
Summary
Background Chemistry Concepts and Definitions

BIOACCUMULATION
Uptake, Biotransformation, Detoxifi cation, Elimination, and Accumulation
Introduction
Biotransformation and Detoxification
Elimination
Summary
Suggested Readings
Factors Influencing Bioaccumulation
Introduction
Chemical Qualities Influencing Bioavailability
Biological Qualities Influencing Bioaccumulation
Summary
Bioaccumulation from Food and Trophic Transfer
Introduction
Quantifying Bioaccumulation from Food
Inorganic Contaminants
Organic Compounds
Summary

TOXICANT EFFECTS
Molecular Effects and Biomarkers
Introduction
Organic Compound Detoxification
Stress Proteins
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Response
DNA Modification
Enzyme Dysfunction and Substrate Pool Shifts
Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Introduction
General Cytotoxicity and Histopathology
Gene and Chromosome Damage
Cancer
Gills as an Example
Liver as an Example
Summary
Sublethal Effects to Individuals
Selyean Stress
Growth
Development
Physiology
Immunology
Detecting Sublethal Effects
Summary
Acute and Chronic Lethal Effects to Individuals
General
Dose-Response
Survival Time
Factors Influencing Lethality
Summary
Effects on Populations
Epidemiology
Population Dynamics and Demography
Population Genetics
Effects on Communities and Ecosystems
Interactions Involving Two or a Few Species
Ecosystem Qualities
Summary
Landscape to Global Effects
General
Continents and Hemispheres
Biosphere
Summary

RISK FROM TOXICANTS
Risk Assessment of Contaminants
Overview
Human Risk Assessment
Ecological Risk Assessment
Radiation Risk Assessment
Conclusion

SUMMARY
Conclusions
Overview
Practical Importance of Ecotoxicology
Scientific Importance of Ecotoxicology
Study Questions
Glossary

Appendix 1. International System (SI) of Units Prefixes
Appendix 2. Miscellaneous Conversion Factors
Appendix 3. Summary of U.S. Laws and Regulations
Appendix 4. Summary of European Union Laws and Regulations
Appendix 5. Summary of Modern Environmental Laws and Regulations of China
Appendix 6. Regulation and Management of Chemicals in Australia
Appendix 7. Derivation of Units for Simple Bioaccumulation Models
Appendix 8. Equations for the Estimation of Exposure
References


Index