Ultra–Wideband Communications Systems – Multiband FDM Approach

W. Pam Siriwongpairat, PhD, is a Wireless Communications Specialist with Meteor Communications Corporation. From January to May 2006, she was a research associate in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Systems Research at the University of Maryland, College Park. Her current research interests span a broad range of areas from digital signal processing to wirelesscommunications and networking, including ultra-wideband communications, space-time-frequency coding for multi-antenna communications, cross-layer design for wireless networks, communications in mobile ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks, OFDM systems, and software-defined radio and cognitive radio technologies. K. J. Ray Liu, PhD, is Professor and Associate Chair for Graduate Studies and Research of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Maryland, College Park. Dr. Liu is the recipient of numerous honors and awards including best paper awards from IEEE Signal Processing Society (twice), IEEE Vehicular Technology Society, and EURASIP, as well as recognitions from the University of Maryland including university-level Distinguished Scholar-Teacher Award, Invention of the Year Award, and college-level Poole and Kent Company Senior Faculty Teaching Award.

List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Overview of UWB. 1.2 Advantages of UWB. 1.3 UWB Applications. 1.4 UWB Transmission Schemes. 1.5 Challenges for UWB. 2. Channel Characteristics. 2.1 Large-Scale Models. 2.1.1 Path Loss Models. 2.1.2 Shadowing. 2.2 Small-Scale Models. 2.2.1 Tap-delay line fading model. 2.2.2 δ - K model. 2.2.3 Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) model. 2.2.4 Standard UWB Channel Model. 3. UWB: Single Band Approaches. 3.1 Overview of Single Band Approaches. 3.2 Modulation Techniques. 3.2.1 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM). 3.2.2 On-Off Keying (OOK). 3.2.3 Phase Shift Keying (PSK). 3.2.4 Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). 3.3 Multiple Access Techniques. 3.3.1 Time-Hopping UWB. 3.3.2 Direct Sequence UWB. 3.4 Demodulation Techniques. 3.4.1 Received Signal Model. 3.4.2 Correlation Receiver. 3.4.3 Rake Receiver. 3.5 MIMO Single Band UWB. 3.5.1 MIMO Space-Time Coded Systems. 3.5.2 Space-Time Coded UWB Systems. 3.6 Performance Analysis. 3.6.1 TH-BPPM. 3.6.2 TH-BPSK. 3.6.3 DS-BPSK. 3.7 Simulation Results. 3.8 Chapter Summary. 4. UWB: Multiband OFDM Approach. 4.1 Overview of Multiband OFDM Approach. 4.1.1 Fundamental Concepts. 4.1.2 Signal Model. 4.2 IEEE 802.15.3a WPAN Standard Proposal. 4.2.1 OFDM Parameters. 4.2.2 Rate-Dependent Parameters. 4.2.3 Operating Band Frequencies. 4.2.4 Channelization. 4.3 Physical Layer Design. 4.3.1 Scrambler and De-scrambler. 4.3.2 Convolutional Encoder and Viterbi Decoder. 4.3.3 Bit Interleaver and De-interleaver. 4.3.4 Constellation Mapper. 4.3.5 OFDM Modulation. 4.4 MAC Layer Design. 4.4.1 Network Topology. 4.4.2 Frame Architecture. 4.4.3 Network Operations. 4.5 Chapter Summary. 5. MIMO Multiband OFDM. 5.1 MIMO-OFDM Communications. 5.2 MIMO Multiband OFDM System Model. 5.2.1 Transmitter Description. 5.2.2 Channel Model. 5.2.3 Receiver Processing. 5.3 Performance Analysis. 5.3.1 Independent Fading. 5.3.2 Correlated Fading. 5.4 Simulation Results. 5.5 Chapter Summary. 6. Performance Characterization. 6.1 System Model. 6.2 Performance Analysis. 6.2.1 Average PEP Analysis. 6.2.2 Approximate PEP Formulation. 6.2.3 Outage Probability. 6.3 Analysis for MIMO Multiband OFDM Systems. 6.3.1 MIMO Multiband OFDM System Model. 6.3.2 Pairwise Error Probability. 6.3.3 Example: Repetition STF Coding based on Alamouti's Structure. 6.4 Simulation Results. 6.5 Chapter Summary. 7. Performance under Practical Considerations. 7.1 System Model. 7.2 Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio. 7.2.1 Expressions of Fading Term, ICI, and ISI. 7.2.2 Variances of Fading Term, ICI, and ISI. 7.2.3 Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Performance Degradation. 7.3 Average Bit Error Rate. 7.3.1 Overall Spreading Gain of 1. 7.3.2 Overall Spreading Gain of 2. 7.3.3 Overall Spreading Gain of 4. 7.4 Performance Bound. 7.5 Numerical and Simulation Results. 7.5.1 Numerical Results. 7.5.2 Simulation and Numerical Results. 7.6 Chapter Summary. Appendix: Derivations of A1, A2, B1, and B2. 8. Differential Multiband OFDM. 8.1 Differential Modulation. 8.1.1 Single-Antenna Systems. 8.1.2 MIMO Systems. 8.2 Differential Scheme for Multiband OFDM Systems. 8.2.1 System Model. 8.2.2 Differential Encoding and Transmit Signal Structure. 8.2.3 Multiband Differential Decoding. 8.3 Pairwise Error Probability. 8.4 Simulation Results. 8.5 Chapter Summary. 9. Power Controlled Channel Allocation. 9.1 System Model. 9.2 Power Controlled Channel Allocation Scheme. 9.2.1 Generalized SNR for Different Transmission Modes. 9.2.2 PER and Rate Constraint. 9.2.3 Problem Formulation. 9.2.4 Subband Assignment and Power Allocation Algorithm. 9.2.5 Joint Rate Assignment and Resource Allocation Algorithm. 9.3 Simulation Results. 9.3.1 Subband Assignment and Power Allocation. 9.3.2 Joint Rate Assignment and Resource Allocation. 9.4 Chapter Summary. 10. Cooperative UWB Multiband OFDM. 10.1 Cooperative Communications. 10.2 System Model. 10.2.1 Non-Cooperative UWB. 10.2.2 Cooperative UWB. 10.3 SER Analysis for Cooperative UWB. 10.3.1 Cooperative UWB. 10.3.2 Comparison of Cooperative and Non-Cooperative UWB. 10.4 Optimum Power Allocation for Cooperative UWB. 10.4.1 Power Minimization using Cooperative Communications. 10.4.2 Coverage Enhancement using Cooperative Communications. 10.5 Improved Cooperative UWB. 10.6 Simulation Results. 10.7 Chapter Summary. References. Index.