A Wilderness of Marshes

Shows how the imperatives of public health not only stimulated the creation of Shanghai's municipal government, but also determined its priorities.

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This is a study of Shanghai's 19th century foundations. Commercial interests were largely responsible for the development of Shanghai. The main impetus for the development of the city's infrastructure came from the measures which were essential for the protection of public health. As in the West, the imperatives of public health not only stimulated the creation of Shanghai's municipal government but also determined its priorities.