Stimulation of Fracture Healing with Ultrasound

How to make broken bones heal faster! The authors have worked 25 years with the ultrasound treatment of fractures and show how to reduce the healing time by 30-50%. The method is fully described and physicians can easily learn how to apply it.

1 Introduction.- 2 Methods of Clinical Application.- 2.1 Indications and Contraindications.- 2.2 Technique.- 3 Clinical Results.- 3.1 Radial Fractures.- 3.2 Scaphoid Fractures.- 3.3 Metacarpal Fractures.- 3.4 Phalangeal Fractures.- 3.5 Forearm Fractures.- 3.6 Humeral Fractures.- 3.7 Clavicular Fractures.- 3.8 Malleolar Fractures.- 3.9 Tibial Fractures.- 3.10 Femoral Fractures.- 3.11 Patellar Fractures.- 3.12 Calcaneal Fractures.- 3.13 Metatarsal Fractures.- 4 How did we Come to use Ultrasound?.- 5 What is Ultrasound?.- 5.1 Physical Parameters.- 5.2 Characteristics of Ultrasound Therapy.- 5.3 Types of Ultrasound.- 5.4 Mechanisms of Action.- 5.5 The Piezoelectric Effect in Bone.- 5.6 Ultrasound Conductivity.- 6 Animal Experiments.- 6.1 The Rabbit as an Animal Model.- 6.2 Experimental Method.- 6.3 Statistical Evaluation.- 7 Effect of Ultrasound on Fracture Callus.- 7.1 Radiographic Studies.- 7.2 Strength Tests.- 7.3 Histologic Studies, Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 7.4 Bone Scintigraphy.- 7.5 Angiographic Studies.- 7.6 Biochemical Studies.- 7.7 Total Mineral Analysis.- 7.8 Sequential Polychrome Labeling.- 7.9 Temperature Measurements.- 7.10 Summary of Findings.- Appendix on Instrumentation.- High-Frequency Instruments.- Low-Frequency Instruments.- Safety Aspects.- References.