Petroleum Reservoir Simulations

Jamal H. Abou-Kassem is professor of petroleum engineering at the UAE University in the United Arab Emirates, where he has taught since 1993. Before joining the UAE University,he was associate professor of petroleum and natural gas engineering at The Pennsylvania State University (1985-1992), where he was a tenured faculty member, supervised to completion two MS and two PhD students, and served on 10 thesis advisory committees. He held posts with the Research Institute of KFUPM (1981-1984) in Saudi Arabia and Pan Canadian Petroleum Ltd. (1978-1979) in Canada. He received a BE (Cairo U., Egypt, 1970) and MS (U. of Alberta, Canada, 1975) degree in petroleum engineering, and earned a PhD degree in reservoir simulation from the U. of Calgary (Canada) in 1981. He is a co-author of two textbooks, author/co-author of 32 technical articles in first class journals, and another 12 technical articles in symposium proceedings. His areas of expertise cover reservoir simulation, thermal and polymer EOR methods, fluid flow through porous media, and fundamental properties of natural gas. He has attended and presented numerous technical papers in international, regional, and local petroleum engineering symposiums. He has 36 years of experience in academia, research organizations, and petroleum industry. He is a member of SPE. Dr. S.M. Farouq Ali is Distinguished Professor of petroleum engineering at the University of Houston. He has over 40 years of experience in industry and academia, having served as a professor at Pennsylvania State University, the University of Alberta and the University of Regina. Considered one of the world’s leading experts in reservoir engineering, oil recovery and simulation, Farouq Ali advises oil companies and various governments on oil policy and production strategies. He has authored more than 500 papers, conducted more than 200 petroleum reservoir studies and designed over 30 major oil fields projects. Farouq Ali earned his master’s and doctoral degrees in petroleum and natural gas engineering from Penn State University. As a graduate student he conducted pioneering research on micellar-polymer flooding, a process in which a micelle solution is pumped into a reservoir to recover oil. The technique has since become the industry standard for enhanced oil recovery. He is also credited with some of the earliest experimental work on steam flooding, a method of injecting steam to extract heavy crude oil from an oil reservoir. Today steam injection is one of the primary enhanced oil recovery techniques in use. Farouq Ali has been honored with awards from the Society of Petroleum Engineers, the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta and the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Preface
Introduction
Nomenclature
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Milestones for the Engineering Approach
1.3 Importance of the Engineering and Mathematical Approaches
1.4 Summary
1.5 Exercises
2 Single-Phase Fluid Flow Equations in Multidimensional Domain
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Properties of Single-Phase Fluid
2.3 Properties of Porous Media
2.4 Reservoir Discretization
2.5 Basic Engineering Concepts
2.6 Multidimensional Flow in Cartesian Coordinates
2.7 Multidimensional Flow in Radial-Cylindrical Coordinates
2.8 Summary
2.9 Exercises
3 Flow Equations Using CVFD Terminology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Flow Equations Using CVFD Terminology
3.3 Flow Equations in Radial-Cylindrical Coordinates Using CVFD Terminology
3.4 Flow Equations Using CVFD Terminology in any Block Ordering Scheme
3.5 Summary
3.6 Exercises
4 Simulation with a Block-Centered Grid
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Reservoir Discretization
4.3 Flow Equation for Boundary Gridblocks
4.4 Treatment of Boundary Conditions
4.5 Calculation of Transmissibilities
4.6 Symmetry and Its Use in Solving Practical Problems
4.7 Summary
4.8 Exercises
5 Simulation with a Point-Distributed Grid
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Reservoir Discretization
5.3 Flow Equation for Boundary Gridpoints
5.4 Treatment of Boundary Conditions
5.5 Calculation of Transmissibilities
5.6 Symmetry and Its Use in Solving Practical Problems
5.7 Summary
5.8 Exercises
6 Well Representation in Simulators
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Single-Block Wells
6.3 Multiblock Wells
6.4 Practical Considerations Dealing with Modeling Well Operating Conditions
6.5 Summary
6.6 Exercises
7 Single-Phase Flow Equation for Various Fluids
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Pressure Dependence of Fluid and Rock Properties
7.3 General Single-Phase Flow Equation in Multi Dimensions
7.4 Summary
7.5 Exercises
8 Linearization of Flow Equations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nonlinear Terms in Flow Equations
8.3 Nonlinearity of Flow Equations For Various Fluids
8.4 Linearization of Nonlinear Terms
8.5 Linearized Flow Equations in Time
8.6 Summary
8.7 Exercises
9 Methods of Solution of Linear Equations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Direct Solution Methods
9.3 Iterative Solution Methods
9.4 Summary
9.5 Exercises
10 Introduction to Modeling Multiphase Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Reservoir Engineering Concepts in Multiphase Flow
10.3 Multiphase Flow Models
10.4 Solution of Multiphase Flow Equations
10.5 Material Balance Checks
10.6 Advancing Solution in Time
10.7 Summary
10.8 Exercises
A User’s Manual for Single-Phase Simulator
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Data File Preparation
A.3 Description of Variables Used in Preparing a Data File
A.4 Instructions to Run Simulator
A.5 Limitations Imposed on the Compiled Version
A.6 Example of a Prepared Data File
References
Author Index
Subject Index