Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) Handbook

Chuanfang Zhang is a full professor at Sichuan University, China. He is the Principal Investigator for the Printed Robust Interactive Communicating Electronics (PRICE) group and was a senior scientist with Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. He completed his PhD jointly at ECUST (China) and Drexel University (USA) in 2015. Michael Naguib, PhD, is a Ken and Ruth Arnold Early Career Professor in Science and Engineering and an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics and Engineering Physics at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. In 2014, he received his doctorate in Materials Science and Engineering at Drexel University, where he co-invented MXenes.

List of Contributors xvii

Preface xxiv

Part I The Introduction 1

1 Introduction to the MXene Handbook 3
Michael Naguib and Chuanfang Zhang

Part II Guidelines on MXenes Synthesis, Characterizations and Processing 11

2 Synthesis of MXene Precursors -- Tips and Tricks 13
Joseph Halim, Jie Zhou, Martin Dahlqvist, and Johanna Rosen

3 Guidelines on Fluorine-based Synthesis of MXenes 34
Annabelle Bedford, Brian C. Wyatt, Wyatt J. Highland, Srinivasa Kartik Nemani, Krista K. Pulley, Jonah Jordan, and Babak Anasori

4 Guidelines Low-temperature (LT) F-free Synthesis of MXenes 58
Changda Wang, Shiqiang Wei, Pengjun Zhang, Kefu Zhu, and Li Song

5 Guidelines for the Molten Salt Etching of MXenes 85
Miao Shen and Jian-Qiang Wang

6 Guidelines on the Intercalation of Ions and Molecules in MXenes 109
Varun Natu and Michel W. Barsoum

7 MXene Thermal and Chemical Stability and Degradation Mechanism 137
Shuohan Huang and Vadym N. Mochalin

8 Guidelines on MXene Handling and Storage Strategies 163
Jizhen Zhang, Dylan Hegh, Peter A. Lynch, and Joselito M. Razal

9 Beyond Single-M MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications 189
Christopher E. Shuck and Yury Gogotsi

10 Structural Confirmation and Morphological Investigation of MXenes 214
Kaitlyn Prenger, Anika Tabassum, and Michael Naguib

11 MXene Surface Terminations 229
Per O.Å. Persson

12 Delamination and Surface Functionalization of MXenes 245
Mohammad Jafarpour, Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Jakob Heier, Frank Nüesch, and Chuanfang Zhang

13 Solution Processing of MXenes for Printing, Wet Coating, and 2D Film Formation 272
Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Mohammad Jafarpour, Jakob Heier, Frank Nüesch, and Chuanfang Zhang

14 Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of MXenes 294
Elnaz Jamshidi, Mackenzie B. Woods, Virginia A. Davis, and Majid Beidaghi

15 Assembling of MXenes from Liquid to Solid, Including Liquid Crystals, Fibers 315
Yu Long, Zhitan Wu, Ying Tao, and Quan-Hong Yang

Part III Guidelines on Obtaining MXenes Properties 385

16 Insights into the Properties of MXenes and MXene Analogs from Atomistic Simulation 387
Murali Gopal Muraleedharan, Rabi Khanal, Stephan Irle, and Paul R. C. Kent

17 MXenes' Optical and Optoelectronic Properties and Related Applications 429
Danzhen Zhang, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, and Yury Gogotsi

18 Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement Effect of Single MXene Flakes and MXene Composites 453
Qunfeng Cheng and Alexander Sinitskii

Part IV MXene Applications 485

19 MXene Capacitive Behaviors and Supercapacitor Devices 487
Zifeng Lin, Liyuan Liu, and Patrice Simon

20 MXene Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries 514
Majid Farahmandjou, Xin Guo, Zefu Huang, Bijay Janardhanan, A. M. Ruhul, and Guoxiu Wang

21 MXenes in Rechargeable Batteries Beyond Li-Ion Battery 541
Zhuoqi Cen, Qing Huang, and Kun Liang

22 Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of MXene/Polymer Composites 602
Hao-Bin Zhang and Xinfeng Zhou

23 MXenes in Electronics and Communication Devices 621
Xiangming Xu and Husam N. Alshareef

24 MXene in Sensing Devices 651
Seon Joon Kim

25 MXenes for Environmental Treatments 678
Jie Wang, Zhenjun Wu, Xiuqiang Xie, and Nan Zhang

26 MXenes in Healthcare Technologies 706
Natalia Noriega, Tochukwu Ozulumba, Grace Cooksley, Emma J. Ward, and Susan Sandeman

Part V Conclusions and Perspectives 735

27 Summary and Outlook 737
Chuanfang Zhang and Michael Naguib

References 740

Index 742