Metasurfaces for Wireless Communications

Dr. Yifei Yuan holds the title of Chief Expert of China Mobile Research Institute. He received his Bachelor & Master degrees from Tsinghua University, of China, and a Ph. D degree from Carnegie Mellon University, USA. He was with Alcatel-Lucent from 2000 to 2008, working on 3G/4G key technologies. From 2008 to 2020, he was with ZTE as technical director and Chief Engineer, responsible for standards research on LTE-Advanced and 5G. Since January 2020, he has been with China Mobile Research Institute, responsible for advanced research of 6G air interface. His research interests include MIMO, channel coding, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), internet-of-things (IoT), and their standardizations in 3GPP with receiving worldwide attention and recognition. He has more than 80 journal/conference papers and 150 granted patents. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Hans Wireless Communications, an Editor of IEEE Communications Letters and an Editor of China Communications. He is the leading Guest Editor of Special Issue on Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) of ZTE Communications (Vol. 20, No.1, 2022) and TPC member of GLOBECOM 2022 RIS symposium (on going). He serves as Industry Liaison Officer of IEEE Emerging Technology Initiative (ETI) on RIS. Yuhong Huang is the General Director of China Mobile Research Institute where she has been since 1996, Mrs.Yuhong Huang also serves as a member of Board of Directors of NGMN and O-RAN alliance. She received her Bachelor & Master degrees from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, of China. She has been a China national technical leader with being responsible for GSM, WLAN, 3G through to 5G and 6G research and development. She won 20 awards from China Central Government, including a National Special Prize for Scientific and Technological Progress on 4G TD-LTE (7th contributor). She has been admitted to “The New Century Talents Project” and granted the honors of “Young Professionals with Outstanding Contributions” and “National Model Worker” in China. She also serves as the Secretary General of GTI. She has submitted over 600 contributions to standards meetings of 3GPP, ITU, etc. She has led or participated 8 national industry research projects. Dr. Fa-Long Luo is the Chief Scientist of Micron Technology Inc., USA and IEEE Fellow, Dr. Luo is now also an Affiliate Full Professor of Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Washington in Seattle. He has 39 years academic, industry and research experience with emphasis on the translation of adaptive signal processing techniques to practical applications and commercial products related to wireless communications, multimedia and digital broadcasting.

Preface

About the Authors

Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Metasurfaces for Wireless Communications

Introduction of Metamaterial and Metasurface

Evolutions of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)–Related Wireless Technologies



Multi-Antenna Technology
Coordinated Multi-Point Processing (CoMP)
Micro/Pico/femto Cells
Relay

System Performance Requirements for 6G



Application Scenarios
Key Performance Indicators
Basics about Performance Evaluation Methodologies

Chapter 2: Modeling of a RIS for Wireless Communications

Overview of Channel Models for Mobile Communications



Large-Scale Fading Models
Small-Scale Fading Models
Spatial Channel Models
Simplified Model for Spatial Channels
Antenna Models and Configurations

Large-Scale Channel Models for a RIS



Free-Space Pathloss Models for a RIS
More Realistic Large-Scale Fading Models for RIS

Small-Scale Channel Models for RIS

Electromagnetic Field Modeling of Metasurface Structures

Chapter 3: Designs of Metasurface Devices

Basic Design Principles of Metasurface Devices



Typical Metamaterials and Devices
Basic Structures of Metamaterial Devices
Design Principles of Metasurface
Active RIS Elements

Simulations and Measurements of Metasurface Devices



Electromagnetic Simulations
Performance Testing of Actual Devices

Control of Metasurface Devices



Non-Ideal Characteristics
Control Mechanisms of Tunable Metasurface

Codebook Designs of the RIS



Uniqueness of Codebook Design for the RIS
Examples of the RIS Codebook Designs

Near-Field Communications



Near-Field Basics
Polar Coordinates for the Near-Field
Beam Squinting in Wideband Operation and Solutions

Metasurface-Based Beamforming at the Base Station

Chapter 4: System Implementations of a RIS for Wireless Communications

Basic System Models and Performances for Metasurface-Based Relay



System Models
Theoretical Performance Analysis
Simplified Model and Performance Analysis

Beamforming Techniques for a RIS



Beam-Based Techniques
Random-Sampling-Based Technique

RIS Channel Estimation and Feedback for Small-Scale Fading

Direction Finding Via Time-Space Coding

Link-Level Simulations



Simulation Parameters and Methodology
Preliminary Link-Level Simulation Results

System-Level Simulations



System Configurations and Simulation
Preliminary Simulation Results

Chapter 5: Standardization and Trials of RIS-Aided Wireless Communications

Overview and Key Features of Relay Technology in Standardization



Potential Deployment Scenarios
Basic Categories of an LTE Relay
Type 1 Relay

Type 2 Relay

Brief Discussion on an LTE Full-Dimensional MIMO

Field Trials



RIS Trial in Nanjing
RIS Trial in Shenzhen

Standardization Road Map for the RIS



Lessons Learned from the LTE Era
Different Modes of Operation for the RIS
3GPP Release 18 Network-Controlled Repeater
Comparison Between Network-Controlled Repeater and RIS
Future Road Map for RIS Standardization

Index