Polymer Composites Derived from Animal Sources

S.M. Sapuan is a Professor (Grade “A”) of composite materials in the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, at the Universiti Putra Malaysia. He is also Head of the Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC) at UPM. He attained his BEng in mechanical engineering from the University of Newcastle, in Australia and then went on to receive his MSc in engineering design and PhD in materials engineering, from De Montfort University in the UK. He is a Professional Engineer and a Fellow of many professional societies, including the Society of Automotive Engineers; the Academy of Science Malaysia; the International Society for Development and Sustainability; the World Academy of Sciences; the Plastic and Rubber Institute Malaysia (PRIM); the Malaysian Scientific Association and the Institute of Materials Malaysia. He is an Honorary Member and past Vice President of the Asian Polymer Association and Founding Chairman and Honorary Member of The Society of Sugar Palm Development and Industry, Malaysia. During the course of his career, he has produced over 2500 publications, including 989 journal papers, 68 books and 246 book chapters. C.H. Azhari (also known as Che Husna Azhari) is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Professor Azhari was conferred the Emeritus Professorship in Polymer Processing from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in April 2021, having served as an academic in the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment for more than 30 years. She was awarded her undergraduate and PhD degrees from Brunel University, in the UK. Her research specialisation is in non-metallic materials processing. Prof Husna is a Chartered Engineer of the Engineering Council of the UK and a Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Malaysia. N. M. Nurazzi is a senior lecturer at the School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. Before joining the Universiti Sains Malaysia he was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, under a Newton Research Grant to study the “Role of Intermolecular Interaction in Conductive Polymer Wrapped MWCNT as Organophosphate Sensing Material Structure”. He obtained BSc. and MSc. in Polymer Technology from the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) in 2011 and 2014, respectively. In 2018, he was awarded a PhD from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) in Materials Engineering under the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia scholarship. His main research interests are polymer composites and natural fibre composites. To date, he has authored and co-authored over 200 publications, including 100 journal papers, 4 books and 50 book chapters.

Section I An overview of animal-based composites

1 An introduction to animal-based composites: possible animal-derived materials and the extraction process
2 Wool fiber-reinforced polymer composites
3 Interlaminar fracture characteristics of woven silk fiber composites
4 Bovine as biofiller in biocomposites
5 Chicken featherreinforced polymer composites
6 Development, characterization, and applications of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite composites
7 Sustainable biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan composites
8 Collagen-based biocomposites
9 Development and characterization of crab-based chitosan filler-reinforced polymer composites

Section II Animal-based composites: applications and future perspectives

10 Design and fabrication of Bombyx mori silk/epoxy composite solar racing car body
11 Energy attenuation capability of woven natural silk/epoxy laminates subjected to drop weight impacts
12 Keratin-based biomaterials for biomedical applications
13 Mechanical performance of seashell-reinforced polymer composites for structural applications
14 Marine-derived collagen composites for bone regeneration: extraction and performance evaluation
15 Cow bone as reinforcement fillers in polymer composites for structural applications
16 Preparation, characterization and application of nanocellulose from tunicate for electronic applications
17 Structural and performance of chitosan-based polymer composites for electrical applications
18 Challenges, environmental concerns, and future perspectives for animal-based composites
19 Environmental and economic issues for animal-based composites