Architecture: Form, Space, and Order (eBook)

FRANCIS D.K. CHING is a global authority on architectural illustration. His numerous bestselling works include Building Codes Illustrated, Building Construction Illustrated, Green Building Illustrated, and Architectural Graphics. His various books have been translated into 20 languages. He is Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Preface vii

Introduction ix

1 Primary Elements

Primary Elements 2

Point 4

Point Elements 5

Two Points 6

Line 8

Linear Elements 10

Linear Elements Defining Planes 15

From Line to Plane 14

Plane 18

Planar Elements 20

Volume 28

Volumetric Elements 30

2 Form

Form 34

Properties of Form 35

Shape 36

Primary Shapes 38

Circle 39

Triangle 40

Square 41

Primary Solids 42

Regular & Irregular Forms 46

Transformation of Form 52

Dimensional Transformation 54

Geometric Transformation 58

Subtractive Form 68

Subtractive & Additive Forms 71

Additive Form 72

Centralized Form 74

Linear Form 76

Radial Form 80

Clustered Form 82

Grid Form 86

Formal Collisions of Geometry 88

Circle & Square 90

Rotated Grid 94

Articulation of Form 98

Edges & Corners 100

Corners 101

Surface Articulation 106

3 Form & Space

Form & Space 118

Form & Space: Unity of Opposites 120

Form Defining Space 128

Horizontal Elements Defining Space 129

Base Plane 130

Elevated Base Plane 132

Depressed Base Plane 138

Overhead Plane 144

Vertical Elements Defining Space 154

Vertical Linear Elements 156

Single Vertical Plane 164

L-Shaped Configuration of Planes 168

L-Shaped Planes 169

Parallel Vertical Planes 174

Parallel Planes 176

U-Shaped Planes 180

Four Planes: Closure 186

Four Planes: Enlosure 190

Openings in Space-Defining Elements 194

Openings within Planes 196

Openings at Corners 198

Openings between Planes 200

Qualities of Architectural Space 202

Degree of Enclosure 204

Light 206

View 212

Ventilation 218

4 Organization

Organization of Form & Space 222

Spatial Relationships 223

Space within a Space 224

Interlocking Spaces 226

Adjacent Spaces 228

Spaces Linked by a Common Space 230

Spatial Organizations 232

Centralized Organizations 234

Linear Organizations 244

Radial Organizations 254

Clustered Organizations 260

Grid Organizations 270

5 Circulation

Circulation: Movement through Space 280

Circulation Elements 281

Approach 282

Entrance 290

Configuration of the Path 304

Path-Space Relationships 318

Form of the Circulation Space 322

Stairways 326

6 Proportion & Scale

Proportion & Scale 336

Material Proportions 337

Structural Proportions 338

Manufactured Proportions 340

Proportioning Systems 341

Golden Section 344

Regulating Lines 348

Classical Orders 350

Renaissance Theories 356

Modulor 360

Ken 364

Anthropometry 368

Scale 371

Visual Scale 372

Human Scale 374

A Scalar Comparison 378

7 Principles

Ordering Principles 382

Axis 384

Symmetry 392

Hierarchy 402

Datum 412

Rhythm 428

Repetition 429

Transformation 450

Conclusion 456

A Selected Bibliography 459

Glossary 461